Phosphorus fluoride exchange: Multidimensional catalytic click chemistry from phosphorus connective hubs

Cyclic voltammetric deposition of binder-free Ni-Se film on Ni foams as efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for boosting overall urea-water electrolysis

Nowadays, the assembling of hybrid water electrolysis using a hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) instead of a slow anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has been established as a favorable technology for efficient hydrogen (H2) production. Nevertheless, it is still critical to develop highly effective bifunctional electrocatalysts for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and HzOR. In this work, we propose a facile approach for the design and synthesis of single-Pd-nanoparticles-decorated bimetallic NiCo2O4 nanoplates as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for both HER and HzOR. Initially, the NiCo2O4 nanoplates are synthesized by a combination of hydrothermal reaction and high-temperature calcination. Subsequently, single-Pd nanoparticles with varying proportions are decorated on NiCo2O4 nanoplates via facile pulsed laser irradiation (PLI), leading to the formation of Pd/NiCo2O4 composites. The optimized Pd/NiCo2O4 composite shows a remarkable electrocatalytic ability with a low overpotential of 294 mV for the HER and an ultrasmall working potential of −6 mV (vs RHE) for the HzOR at 10 mA cm–2 in a 1 M KOH electrolyte. Thus, an overall hydrazine splitting (OHzS) electrolyzer with the Pd/NiCo2O4∥Pd/NiCo2O4 system presents the current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm–2 at respective low cell voltages of 0.35 and 0.94 V. Notably, in situ/operando Raman spectroscopy confirms the surface formation of α-Co(OH)2 during the HER and γ-NiOOH during the HzOR. Furthermore, the density function theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the decoration of Pd onto NiCo2O4 facilitates the optimization of both the hydrogen adsorption free energy (ΔGH*) and enhancement of hydrazine dehydrogenation kinetics. This work introduces a facile strategy for fabricating bifunctional electrocatalysts, potentially useful in energy-saving H2 production. 

Revealing the Impact of Pulsed Laser-Produced Single-Pd Nanoparticles on a Bimetallic NiCo2O4 Electrocatalyst for Energy-Saving Hydrogen Production via Hybrid Water Electrolysis

The electro-oxidation of hydrazine is important for direct hydrazine fuel cells and for fundamental understanding of electrocatalysis in the nitrogen cycle. In this Review, we discuss electrocatalysis of the hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR), spanning a vast range of metal surfaces, nanoparticles, atomically dispersed ions, organometallic macrocycles, and enzymes. Emphasis is given to structure–activity correlations and reactivity descriptors, including the formulation of the Zagal principle, an electrochemical corollary of the Sabatier principle. In addition, we identify overarching themes that span the different subfields of HzOR electrocatalysis, hoping to inspire cross-disciplinary research avenues. 

Hydrazine Oxidation Electrocatalysis

On-Water and Efficient Ullmann-Type O-Arylation Cross Coupling Reaction of Phenols and Aryl Tosylates in the Presence of Fe3O4@Starch-Au as Nanocatalyst

The synergistic flame-retardant behaviors of soybean oil phosphate-based polyols and modified ammonium polyphosphate in polyurethane foam

The invention relates to a method for preparing aluminum hypophosphite. The method includes the following steps of firstly, preparing sodium hypophosphite solution with concentration of 2-6mol/L, adjusting pH (potential of hydrogen) to be 3-5 preferentially within 3-6.5; secondly, preparing aluminum sulfate solution; and thirdly, subjecting the sodium hypophosphite solution and the aluminum sulfate solution to reaction by heating on the acid condition to generate aluminum hypophosphite. The aluminum sulfate is added into the sodium hypophosphite solution for reaction within a certain temperature range, so that harms caused by volatilization of hypophosphorous acid during preparing of the aluminum hypophosphite are avoided, operation is simplified, yield of products is high, cost is low and industrialization is easy to realize.

Method for preparing aluminum hypophosphite

G-quadruplex-based complexes have been widely used in various analytical methods due to their outstanding capabilities of generating colorimetric, fluorescent or electrochemical signals. However, since loop sequences in traditional G-quadruplex structures are quite short, it is difficult to establish biosensors solely using G-quadruplex-based complexes. Herein, we attempted to lengthen the loop sequences of G-quadruplex structures and found that G-quadruplex-hemin DNAzymes (G-DNAzymes) with long loops (even 30 nucleotides) maintain high peroxidase activity. In addition, the peroxidase activity is not affected by the hybridization of the long loop with its complementary counterpart. Consequently, G-DNAzyme can be endowed with an additional function by taking the long loop as a recognition element, which may facilitate the construction of diverse colorimetric biosensors. Furthermore, by designing an apurinic/apyrimidinic site or a complementary sequence of microRNA-21 (miRNA-21) in long loops, bifunctional G-DNAzymes can be split in the presence of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) or miRNA-21, decreasing their peroxidase activities. Accordingly, APE1 and miRNA-21 are quantified using 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine as a chromophore. Using the G-DNAzyme, APE1 can be detected in a linear range from 2.5 to 22.5 U mL-1 with a LOD of 1.8 U mL-1. It is to be noted that benefitting from duplex-specific nuclease-induced signal amplification, the linear range of the miRNA-21 biosensor is broadened to 5 orders of magnitude, while the limit of detection is as low as 73 fM. This work demonstrates that G-DNAzymes with long loops can both generate signals and recognize targets, providing an alternative strategy to design G-quadruplex-based analytical methods.

Fabrication of bifunctional G-quadruplex-hemin DNAzymes for colorimetric detection of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 and microRNA-21.

The invention discloses a preparation method for synthesizing phosphotriester under the catalysis of Lewis acid ionic liquid. According to the method, the phosphotriester is generated by performing ring-opening reaction of phosphorus oxychloride and an epoxide under the catalysis of a catalyst, wherein ionic liquid [A]-x[Lewis acid] formed by the catalyst is Lewis acid and A; and A is amine and a derivative thereof, imidazole or a derivative thereof or pyridine and a derivative thereof. According to the preparation method, the catalyst is low in cost of raw materials, high in catalytic efficiency, little in using amount and environment-friendly, and a process is simple; and the prepared phosphate flame retardant product is high in quality, small in acid value, good in color and high in purity.

Preparation method for synthesizing phosphotriester under catalysis of Lewis acid ionic liquid

Green Synthesis of Triaryl Phosphates with POCl3 in Water

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