at an average storage voltage of 3.2 V with long cycle life. When coupled with hard carbon anode, a prototype rechargeable sodium-ion battery offers an energy density of 210 Wh kg −1 , a round-trip energy effi ciency of 90%, high rate capability, and excellent cycling stability. These desired performances make this system to be closer to the level of practical applications. The Na 0.9 [Cu 0.22 Fe 0.30 Mn 0.48 ]O 2 (Na 0.9 [Cu II 0.22 Fe III 0.30 Mn III 0.16 Mn IV 0.32 ]O 2 ) material was synthesized by a simple solid-state reaction at 850 °C in air atmosphere using precursors of Na 2 CO 3 , CuO, Fe 2 O 3 , and Mn 2 O 3 . The crystal structure of the as-synthesized material was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) as shown in Figure 1 a together with its refi nement results by the Rietveld method (see Table S1, Supporting Information). It can be seen that all the Bragg diffraction peaks are in excellent agreement with the JC DS No. 01-0821495 (O3-type α-NaFeO 2 ) and can be indexed to a hexagonal layered structure with a space group of 3 R m − , indicative of a typical O3-type layered structure (note that the letter “O” refers to the Na coordination environment of octahedral site whereas the number “3” refers to the number of MO 2 slab according to Delmas’ notation. [ 13 ] A schematic illustration of the O3-type structure is also shown in Figure 1 b. The structure refi nement gives the lattice parameters a = 2.9587(7) A, c = 16.3742(6) A. The lattice parameter of c -axis is slightly larger than that of other O3-type materials [ 5f–h , 6b , 8a ] because the Na content is less than 1. The inductively coupled plasma (ICP) result confi rms the composition of Na 0.89 [Cu 0.22 Fe 0.30 Mn 0.48 ]O 2 (see Table S2, Supporting Information). The morphology of the resulting sample is shown in Figure 1 c. The distribution of the particle size is in the range of 10–30 μm with about 3 μm sized primary particle agglomerations together (Figure 1 d). Most importantly, unlike other O3-type materials, [ 4–9,12 ] this material is very stable against water. In order to confi rm this, we intentionally design an accelerated aging experiment as described in the Experimental Section which was verifi ed by LiMO 2 as shown in Figure S1 (Supporting Information). We placed the as-synthesized material in deionized water for 3 d and then dried the material at 100 °C for overnight. The obtained material was checked by XRD again. It can be seen that the XRD pattern is nearly identical to that of the as-synthesized material, which is very different from other O3-type materials as shown in Figure S2 (Supporting Information). These results suggest that the O3-Na 0.9 [Cu 0.22 Fe 0.30 Mn 0.48 ]O 2 is very stable against water. Furthermore, after the material was stored in air for one month Large-scale electrical energy storage systems are one of the core technologies in renewable energies and smart grid, among which sodium-ion batteries show great promise due to the abundant sodium resources. Layered metal oxides (of general formula: A x MO 2 , where A = Li, Na; M = Co, Ni, Mn, Cr, Fe, etc.) with alternating alkali metal layer and transition metal layer have long been of particular interest since the early 1980s as an important class of cathode materials for rechargeable batteries due to their easy synthesis and high energy density. [ 1 ] One of the most successful examples is LiCoO 2 , [ 1a ] which is commonly used as a cathode in lithium-ion batteries with the highest volumetric energy density for portable electronic devices. Its metal substituted materials (LiCo 1− x − y − z Ni x Mn y Al z O 2 ) are being used in power batteries for electric vehicles. In the case of sodiumion batteries operated at room temperature which are proposed for large-scale electrical energy storage owing to the naturally abundant sodium resources in recent years. [ 2,3 ] Na x CoO 2 that can electrochemically and reversibly intercalate Na is the fi rst example, [ 1b ] then a large number of layered metal oxides have been extensively exploited. [ 4–12 ] However, the practical applications have been hindered by two major challenges. First, unlike LiMO 2 , almost all the Na x MO 2 are not stable against moisture (either they can be oxidized by water or water/carbon dioxide molecules can be intercalated into alkali metal layer). [ 4–9,11,12 ]

/pdf/prototype-sodium-ion-batteries-using-air-stable-and-co-ni-5fwg7s03of.pdf

Prototype Sodium-Ion Batteries Using Air-Stable and Co/Ni-Free O3-Layered Metal Oxide Cathode

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), which are an alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), have attracted increasing attention due to their low cost of Na resources and similar Na storage mechanism to LIBs. Compared with anode materials and electrolytes, the development of cathode materials lags behind. Therefore, the key to improving the specific energy and promoting the application of SIBs is to develop high-performance sodium intercalation cathode materials. Transition-metal oxides are one of the most promising cathode materials for SIBs owing to their excellent energy density, high specific discharge capacity, and environmentally friendly nature. In the present work, the latest progress in the research of transition-metal oxides is summarized. Moreover, the existing challenges are discussed, and a series of strategies are proposed to overcome these drawbacks. This review aims at providing guidance for the development of metal oxides in the next stage. 

Oxide cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries: Designs, challenges, and perspectives

Hierarchical Sb2S3 hollow microspheres assembled by nanowires have been successfully synthesized by a simple and practical hydrothermal reaction. The possible formation process of this architecture was investigated by X-ray diffraction, focused-ion beam-scanning electron microscopy dual-beam system, and transmission electron microscopy. When used as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries, Sb2S3 hollow microspheres manifest excellent rate property and enhanced lithium-storage capability and can deliver a discharge capacity of 674 mAh g−1 at a current density of 200 mA g−1 after 50 cycles. Even at a high current density of 5000 mA g−1, a discharge capacity of 541 mAh g−1 is achieved. Sb2S3 hollow microspheres also display a prominent sodium-storage capacity and maintain a reversible discharge capacity of 384 mAh g−1 at a current density of 200 mA g−1 after 50 cycles. The remarkable lithium/sodium-storage property may be attributed to the synergetic effect of its nanometer size and three-dimensional hierarchical architecture, and the outstanding stability property is attributed to the sufficient interior void space, which can buffer the volume expansion.

/pdf/template-free-synthesis-of-sb2s3-hollow-microspheres-as-5fmaclrbqi.pdf

Template-Free Synthesis of Sb2S3 Hollow Microspheres as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Batteries.

O3-type layered sodium transition metal oxides, for example, NaNi0.5Mn0.5–zTizO2, having one sodium per transition metal ion could be attractive positive electrode materials for achieving high ener...

/pdf/the-role-of-divalent-zn-2-mg-2-cu-2-substituents-in-4cvn9hpkzi.pdf

The Role of Divalent (Zn 2+ /Mg 2+ /Cu 2+ ) Substituents in Achieving Full Capacity of Sodium Layered Oxides for Na-Ion Battery Applications

Interfacial Bonding of Metal‐Sulfides with Double Carbon for Improving Reversibility of Advanced Alkali‐Ion Batteries

High-rate performance O3-NaNi0.4Mn0.4Cu0.1Ti0.1O2 as a cathode for sodium ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries are considered as a promising candidate for lithium-ion batteries due to abundant sodium resources and similar intercalation chemistry. Hard carbon derived from biomass with the virtue of abundance and renewability is a cost-effective anode material. Herein, hard carbon is derived from renewable bagasse through a simple two-step method combining mechanical ball milling with carbonization. The hard carbon electrodes exhibit superior electrochemical performance with a high reversible capacity of 315 mA-h/g. Furthermore, the initial capacity of the full cell, HC//NaMn0.4Ni0.4Ti0.1Mg0.1O2, is 253 mA·h/g and its capacity retention rate is 77% after 80 cycles, which further verifies its practical application. The simple and low-cost preparation process, as well as excellent electrochemical properties, demonstrates that hard carbon derived from bagasse is a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries.

Green large-scale production of N/O-dual doping hard carbon derived from bagasse as high-performance anodes for sodium-ion batteries

Large-scale synthesis of porous Li3V2(PO4)3@C/AB hollow microspheres with interconnected channel as high performance cathodes for lithium-ion batteries

Template-free synthesis of Sb2S3 micro tubes as the anode materials for sodium-ion batteries

The invention discloses hard carbon prepared from biomass waste bagasse as well as a preparation method of the harden carbon and an application of the harden carbon using as a negative electrode material of sodium ion batteries and potassium ion batteries. The preparation method takes the bagasse as a raw material, mechanical ball milling is performed, high-temperature treatment is performed, andtherefore the hard carbon is prepared. The hard carbon provided by the invention exhibits excellent electrochemical performance when being used as the negative electrode of the sodium ion batteries and the potassium ion batteries; at the current density of 50mA/g, the sodium storage specific capacity is still 267.7mAh/g after 200 cycles; and the hard carbon prepared by the method takes the biomasswaste bagasse as the raw material, has low costs, is environmentally friendly, has the simple preparation method and is suitable for large-scale production.

Hard carbon prepared from biomass waste bagasse as well as preparation method and application of harden carbon

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Jin Wang

Author Tools

Chat about Author