Transparent heat regulating (THR) materials and coatings for energy saving window applications: Impact of materials design, micro-structural, and interface quality on the THR performance

Both, novel and older widely and routinely used methods of chemical synthesis fornew multifunctional inorganic (nano) materials with different sizes and morphologies are reviewed and summarized in this chapter. Illustrative examples of micro- and nanoparticle preparations are provided regarding different applications: renewable and sustainable energy harvesting, water splitting and hydrogen generation, fuel and solar cell devices, luminescent materials for white light–emitting diodes and clean environment. We give our perspective on the current status of the topic: methods of colloidal chemistry, coprecipitation, reverse-micelle technique, sol–gel, spray pyrolysis, microwave-assisted hydrothermal/solvothermal method, and high-temperature solid-state method are covered in more detail and more emphasis is placed on methods of synthesis, steps involved in experimental procedure and applicability, advantages, and disadvantages of each synthetic approach.

Synthesis of Multifunctional Inorganic Materials: From Micrometer to Nanometer Dimensions

Future-generation neuromorphic computing seeks to overcome the limitations of von Neumann architectures by co-locating logic and memory functions, thereby emulating the function of neurons and synapses in the human brain. Despite remarkable demonstrations of high-fidelity neuronal emulation, the predictive design of neuromorphic circuits starting from knowledge of material transformations remains challenging. VO2 is an attractive candidate since it manifests a near-room-temperature, discontinuous, and hysteretic metal-insulator transition. The transition provides a nonlinear dynamical response to input signals, as needed to construct neuronal circuit elements. We discuss strategies for tuning the transformation characteristics of VO2 based on modification of material properties, interfacial structure, and field couplings. Dynamical modulation of transformation characteristics through in-situ material processing is discussed as a means of imbuing synaptic function. We emphasize mechanistic understanding of site-selective modification; external, epitaxial, and chemical strain; defect dynamics; and interfacial field coupling in modifying local atomistic structure, the implications therein for electronic structure, and ultimately, the tuning of transformation characteristics. We highlight opportunities for inverse design and for using design principles related to thermodynamics and kinetics of electronic transitions learned from VO2 to inform the design of new Mott materials, as well as to go beyond energy-efficient computation to manifest intelligence. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Harnessing the Metal-Insulator Transition of VO2 in Neuromorphic Computing.

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) films were prepared on soda-lime glass by direct current magnetron sputtering at 320 °C. Effects of film thickness on the microstructure, surface morphology and thermochromic performance of VO2 films were investigated. X-ray diffraction showed that the deposited films have strong preferred orientation of VO2 (011) lattice when the film thickness higher than 102 nm. The calculated grain sizes of VO2 films increased from 16.05 nm to 34.56 nm continuously with the increasing of film thickness. UV/VIS/NIR spectrophotometer showed that the visible transmittance deceased while the infrared transmittance switching efficiency increased as the film thickness increased from 79 nm to 264 nm. Additionally, the optical band gaps of VO2 films were in a range of 1.15 eV–1.40 eV, and the thicker film exhibited the smaller value. Moreover, the results of measured temperature-dependent electrical resistivity of these VO2 films showed that the phase-transition temperature is in a range of 53–60 °C, which is much lower than that of single-crystal VO2 (68 °C). With the film thickness increasing, the metal–semiconductor phase transition becomes more obvious. Overall, films with thickness in the range of 80–100 nm showed comparatively relatively balanced combination of visible transmittance and solar switching efficiency.

Thickness-modulated thermochromism of vanadium dioxide thin films grown by magnetron sputtering

Rapid thermal annealing assisted facile solution method for tungsten-doped vanadium dioxide thin films on glass substrate

Size-controlled hematite mesocrystals were prepared by forced hydrolysis of FeCl3via a facile hydrothermal process. The particle size of the hematite mesocrystals were well-controlled by the ratio of ethanol to water. As the ratio of ethanol increased, the particle size of the hematite mesocrystals increased from 0.5 to 1.5 μm without losing their internal mesocrystalline structure. The sizes of the hematite particles were also affected by the concentrations of KOH and formic acid. Goethite rods were prepared with 0.26 M KOH.

Size-controlled synthesis of hematite mesocrystals

The invention discloses energy-saving coated glass. Glass is used as a base plate, a vanadium dioxide thermochromic layer and a silicon dioxide aerogel layer sequentially deposit on the glass. Different heat propagation modes of heat conduction and radiant heat blocking are integrated, and the energy-saving coated glass has heat -insulating and thermochromic functions. Oxidization of the vanadium dioxide layer is retarded by introducing the silicon dioxide aerogel layer, and meanwhile a permeability improvement effect can be played. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the energy-saving coated glass. Firstly, the glass base plate is subjected to hydrophilic treatment; the surface of the glass base plate subjected to hydrophilic treatment is coated with a vanadium dioxide precursor layer by adopting a sol-gel method; the surface of the vanadium dioxide precursor layer is coated with a silicon dioxide aerogel precursor layer by adopting a sol-gel method; finally, the energy-saving coated glass is obtained through heat treatment, the heat treatment temperature is 550-580 DEG C, and the time is 1-10 hours.

Energy-saving coated glass and preparation method thereof

The invention discloses silicon dioxide mesoporous thin film based insulating glass A glass substrate comprises a silicon dioxide mesoporous thin film layer; the mesoporous diameter is 2 to 10 nm; a mesoporous channel which is formed in the silicon dioxide mesoporous thin film layer is parallel to the glass substrate A production method of the silicon dioxide mesoporous thin film based insulating glass comprises performing the following steps of, at the room temperature, preparing a mixed solution of TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate), ethyl alcohol and diluted hydrochloric acid and performing aging; preparing a mixed solution of CTAB (Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide) and ethyl alcohol; performing mixing and aging on the two mixed solutions to obtain the spin coating liquid; performing spin coating to obtain the silicon dioxide mesoporous thin film based insulating glass Compared with other insulating materials, the silicon dioxide mesoporous thin film based insulating glass is good in heat insulation performance under the same thickness, the production method of the silicon dioxide mesoporous thin film based insulating glass is simple and can be implemented at the room temperature, the cost is low, and the application prospect and popularization value are good

Silicon dioxide mesoporous thin film based insulating glass and production method thereof

Vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) films were prepared on the glass substrates with a sol-gel process using polyvinyl pyrrolidone as a crosslinking agent. Zirconium ions were doped to decrease the phase transition temperature of VO 2 films. X-ray diffraction, electrical resistance and optical transmittance spectra were measured to study the microstructure and thermochromic properties of Zr-doped VO 2 films. The XRD peaks of Zr-doped VO 2 shifted towards small angles as the amount of zirconium increased, indicating an enlargement of lattice constants, which can be attributed to the larger radius of Zr 4 + ions. The phase transition temperature of VO 2 film reduced with increasing Zr 4 + doping amount. When the amount of Zr 4 + increased up to 2 wt%, the critical temperature of phase transition decreased to 50 °C while the visible optical transmissivity almost remained the same.

Preparation and thermochromic properties of sol-gel-derived Zr-doped VO2 films

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Papers

Size-controlled synthesis of hematite mesocrystals

Energy-saving coated glass and preparation method thereof

Silicon dioxide mesoporous thin film based insulating glass and production method thereof

Preparation and thermochromic properties of sol-gel-derived Zr-doped VO2 films