Ionic liquids (ILs) are liquids consisting entirely of ions and can be further defined as molten salts having melting points lower than 100 °C. One of the most important research areas for IL utilization is undoubtedly their energy application, especially for energy storage and conversion materials and devices, because there is a continuously increasing demand for clean and sustainable energy. In this article, various application of ILs are reviewed by focusing on their use as electrolyte materials for Li/Na ion batteries, Li-sulfur batteries, Li-oxygen batteries, and nonhumidified fuel cells and as carbon precursors for electrode catalysts of fuel cells and electrode materials for batteries and supercapacitors. Due to their characteristic properties such as nonvolatility, high thermal stability, and high ionic conductivity, ILs appear to meet the rigorous demands/criteria of these various applications. However, for further development, specific applications for which these characteristic properties becom...

Application of Ionic Liquids to Energy Storage and Conversion Materials and Devices

Sulfur-doped disordered carbon is facilely synthesized and investigated as an anode for sodium ion batteries. Benefiting from the high sulfur doping (∼26.9 wt%), it demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 516 mA h g−1, excellent rate capability as well as superior cycling stability (271 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 1000 cycles).

A high performance sulfur-doped disordered carbon anode for sodium ion batteries

J.Y. and W.L.Z. contributed equally to this work. The research reported in this publication was supported by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology – King Abdulaziz University (KAUST–KAU) Initiative (Grant # OSR-2018 KAUST-KAU-3903).

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Synthesis Strategies of Porous Carbon for Supercapacitor Applications

Quantum dots (QDs) derived from the atomically-thin two-dimensional (2D) sheets (graphene, transition metal dichalcogenide, graphitic carbon nitride, hexagonal boron nitride, and phosphorene) are emerging extraordinary zero-dimensional materials. Covering a broad spectrum of interesting optical, catalytic, electronic, chemical and electrochemical properties, these 2D-QDs promise a wide range of novel applications including imaging, sensing, cancer therapy, optoelectronics, display, catalysis, and energy. In this article, we discuss the synthesis methods and the properties of these 2D-QDs and emphasize their applications in electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, supercapacitors, batteries, and photovoltaics.

Quantum dots derived from two-dimensional materials and their applications for catalysis and energy

Group 6 transition metal dichalcogenides (G6-TMDs), most notably MoS2, MoSe2, MoTe2, WS2 and WSe2, constitute an important class of materials with a layered crystal structure. Various types of G6-TMD nanomaterials, such as nanosheets, nanotubes and quantum dot nano-objects and flower-like nanostructures, have been synthesized. High thermodynamic stability under ambient conditions, even in atomically thin form, made nanosheets of these inorganic semiconductors a valuable asset in the existing library of two-dimensional (2D) materials, along with the well-known semimetallic graphene and insulating hexagonal boron nitride. G6-TMDs generally possess an appropriate bandgap (1–2 eV) which is tunable by size and dimensionality and changes from indirect to direct in monolayer nanosheets, intriguing for (opto)electronic, sensing, and solar energy harvesting applications. Moreover, rich intercalation chemistry and abundance of catalytically active edge sites make them promising for fabrication of novel energy storage devices and advanced catalysts. In this review, we provide an overview on all aspects of the basic science, physicochemical properties and characterization techniques as well as all existing production methods and applications of G6-TMD nanomaterials in a comprehensive yet concise treatment. Particular emphasis is placed on establishing a linkage between the features of production methods and the specific needs of rapidly growing applications of G6-TMDs to develop a production-application selection guide. Based on this selection guide, a framework is suggested for future research on how to bridge existing knowledge gaps and improve current production methods towards technological application of G6-TMD nanomaterials.

Group 6 transition metal dichalcogenide nanomaterials: synthesis, applications and future perspectives

Uniform water-soluble monolayer MoS2 quantum dots (MQDs) with lateral sizes of ≈21 nm, a clearly zigzag-terminated edge, and a hexagonal lattice structure are achieved using ammonium molybdate, thiourea, and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) as precursors and the capping reagent in a facile one-pot hydrothermal approach MQDs have good dispersity and high stability in aqueous suspension and exhibit a significantly larger direct bandgap (396 eV) compared to monolayer MoS2 nanosheets (189 eV) Pronounced blue-shifts in the wavelengths of both the excitonic absorption and intrinsic state emission with activated strong luminescence at room temperature beyond monolayer MoS2 nanosheets is demonstrated Unusual upconversion photoluminescence is also observed and is caused by two successive transfers of energy from the near-infrared (NIR) absorption generated by the NAC capping reagent to the hexagonal structure of MQDs Additional optical properties of MQDs may provide numerous exciting technological applications Here, MQDs are demonstrated as a highly selective fluorescent reagent for detecting tetracycline hydrochloride under UV and NIR irradiation

Water-Soluble Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide Quantum Dots with Upconversion Fluorescence

As one of promising catalysts that contain high density of active sites, N doped carbons have been extensively researched, while the reports for N, S dual-doped carbon materials are far less exhaustive. Herein, devoid of activation process and template, N, S dual-doped porous carbon (N–S–PC) was prepared for the first time via one-step pyrolysis of sodium citrate and cysteine. Possessing unique porous structure and large pore volume as well as good accessibility, N–S–PC demonstrates significantly improved electrocatalytic activity toward oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA). In the coexisting system, the peak potential separation between AA and DA is up to 251 mV, which is much larger than for most of the other carbons. On the basis of large potential separation and high current response, selective and sensitive simultaneous determination of AA, DA, and UA was successfully accomplished by differential pulse voltammetry, displaying a linear response from 50 to 2000 μM, from 0....

One-step pyrolytic synthesis of nitrogen and sulfur dual-doped porous carbon with high catalytic activity and good accessibility to small biomolecules

Large surface area carbon material with ordered mesopores for highly selective determination of l-tyrosine in the presence of l-cysteine

Dispersible mesoporous carbon nanospheres as active electrode materials for biomolecular sensing

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Water-Soluble Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide Quantum Dots with Upconversion Fluorescence

One-step pyrolytic synthesis of nitrogen and sulfur dual-doped porous carbon with high catalytic activity and good accessibility to small biomolecules

Large surface area carbon material with ordered mesopores for highly selective determination of l-tyrosine in the presence of l-cysteine

Dispersible mesoporous carbon nanospheres as active electrode materials for biomolecular sensing