Fast intersystem crossing is observed in the S(1)(1)nπ* state of N-heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and carbonyl compounds. It is attributed to spin-orbit coupling with the (3)ππ* state in the same energy region. The strong singlet-triplet mixing was confirmed by large Zeeman splitting of rotational lines in a high-resolution spectrum. For the S(1)(1)ππ* state of aromatic hydrocarbons, the observed Zeeman splitting was found to be considerably small, and intersystem crossing was considered to be minor. These facts are in accordance with El-Sayed's rule, which states spin-orbit coupling is forbidden between the (1)ππ* and (3)ππ* states. The Zeeman splitting of several derivatives was also observed and the substitution effect on the intersystem crossing rate is discussed.

Intersystem crossing in the 1nπ* and 1ππ* states.

Sub-Doppler high-resolution excitation spectra and the Zeeman effects of the 601, 101601, and 102601 bands of the S1 1B2u←S0 1A1g transition of benzene were measured by crossing laser beam perpendicular to a collimated molecular beam 1593 rotational lines of the 101601 band and 928 lines of the 102601 band were assigned, and the molecular constants of the excited states were determined Energy shifts were observed for the S1 1B2u(v1=1,v6=1,J,Kl=−11) levels, and those were identified as originating from a perpendicular Coriolis interaction Many energy shifts were observed for the S1 1B2u(v1=2,v6=1,J,Kl) levels The Zeeman splitting of a given J level was observed to increase with K and reach the maximum at K=J, which demonstrates that the magnetic moment lies perpendicular to the molecular plane The Zeeman splittings of the K=J levels were observed to increase linearly with J From the analysis, the magnetic moment is shown to be originating mostly from mixing of the S1 1B2u and S2 1B1u states by the J–L coupling (electronic Coriolis interaction) The number of perturbations was observed to increase as the excess energy increases, and all the perturbing levels were found to be a singlet state from the Zeeman spectra

Sub-Doppler rotationally resolved spectroscopy of lower vibronic bands of benzene with Zeeman effects

Sub-Doppler high-resolution excitation spectroscopy of the S1 ← S0 transition of dibenzofuran

We developed a high resolution laser spectroscopic system to study detailed structures and dynamics in excited states of molecules. The cooperation of an optical frequency comb and a single-mode dye laser realized high resolution, high accuracy, and wide tuning range simultaneously with short measurement time and easy operation. To demonstrate the ability of our system, we observed hyperfine spectra of B–X rovibronic transitions of molecular iodine distributed in the range of 570–612 nm. The absolute frequencies of hyperfine components were determined with the uncertainty of about 100 kHz, and vibrational dependences of the hyperfine constants were examined.

High resolution molecular spectroscopic system assisted by an optical frequency comb

Doppler-free two-photon absorption spectroscopy of rovibronic transition of naphthalene calibrated with an optical frequency comb

Doppler-free two-photon fluorescence excitation spectra of the A 1Au(v7′=1)←X 1Ag(v″=0) transition of trans-glyoxal were measured by propagating a laser beam either polarized parallel (π pump) or perpendicular (σ pump) to the magnetic field of 6 T. π pump and σ pump dependence of the Zeeman spectra of the Q(K)Q(J=6) lines for K=0–6 was measured. Intensities of the Zeeman components of the Q(6)Q(6) lines were observed to have the maxima at the high and low wave number ends and the minimum at the middle for π pump, and the minima at the high and low wave number ends and the maximum at the middle for σ pump. By comparing calculated and observed patterns of the Zeeman spectra, it became clear that the transition tensor M00 is dominant and the effective intermediate state is 1 1Bu(ππ*). K dependence of the Zeeman spectra of the Q(K)Q(J=15) lines was measured, and the Zeeman splittings were observed to increase proportionally to K2. J dependence of the Zeeman spectra of the Q(K=J)Q(J) lines was measured for J=...

Zeeman spectra of the Ã 1Au←X̃ 1Ag transition of trans-glyoxal studied by Doppler-free two-photon fluorescence excitation spectroscopy

Summary of the parallel session GW2

Cold atom interferometers have matured to a powerful tool in fundamental physics research, and they are currently on their way from realizations in the laboratory to applications in the real world. The radio frequency (RF) generator is an indispensable component to control lasers and then manipulate atoms. We developed a highly compact RF generator for fast switching and sweeping frequencies/amplitudes of atomic interference pulse sequences. Multi-channel RF signals are generated by using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to control eight direct digital synthesizers (DDSs). We further proposed and demonstrated a method of preloading the parameters of all RF pulse sequences to the DDS registers before the execution of the pulse sequences, which eliminates the data transfer between the FPGA and DDSs to change RF signals and thus sharply shortens the delay of frequency switching when the pulse sequences are running. The characterized performance shows the generated RF signals achieve 119 ns frequency switching delay, and 40 dB harmonic rejection ratio. The generated RF pulse sequences are applied to a cold atom-interferometer gyroscope, and the contrast of atomic interference fringes reaches 38%. This compact multi-channel generator with the fast frequency/amplitude switching or/and sweeping capability has beneficial applications for the real-world atom interferometers.

Compact multi-channel radio frequency pulse sequence generator with fast switching capability for cold atom interferometers

Atom-interferometer gyroscopes have attracted much attention for their potential superior long-term stability and extremely low drift. For such high precision instrument, a self-calibration to achieve an absolute rotation measurement is highly demanded. Here we propose and demonstrate a self-calibration of the atomic gyroscope. The calibration is realized by using the detuning of laser frequency to control the atomic velocity thus to modulate the scale factor of the gyroscope. The modulation determines the order and the initial phase of the interference stripe, thus eliminates the ambiguity caused by the periodicity of the interferometric signal. The calibration method is verified by measuring the Earth's rotation. Long-term stable and self-calibrated atom-interferometer gyros can find important applications in the fields of fundamental physics and long-time navigation.

pdf/self-calibrated-atom-interferometer-gyroscope-by-modulating-1p3d30pp.pdf

Self-Calibrated Atom-Interferometer Gyroscope by Modulating Atomic Velocities

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Zeeman spectra of the Ã 1Au←X̃ 1Ag transition of trans-glyoxal studied by Doppler-free two-photon fluorescence excitation spectroscopy

Summary of the parallel session GW2

Compact multi-channel radio frequency pulse sequence generator with fast switching capability for cold atom interferometers

Self-Calibrated Atom-Interferometer Gyroscope by Modulating Atomic Velocities