“Click” chemistry synthesis of carbazole dendrimer as host material for electrophosphorescent device

In this research, we demonstrate inverted perovskite light-emitting devices (PeLEDs) based on zinc oxide nanorod arrays (ZnO NAs) as the electron transport layer and methylammonium lead bromide nanoplatelets (MAPbBr3 NPLs) as the emissive material for the first time. The polyethyleneimine ethoxylated (PEIE) was inserted between the ZnO NAs and the MAPbBr3 NPLs layer to reduce the energy barrier and improve the electron injection efficiency. Besides, different weight ratios of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) were blended with MAPbBr3 NPLs to make evenly dispersed nanocomposite films, thereby enhancing the performance of devices. Meanwhile, the photoluminescence of MAPbBr3 NPLs:PVK nanocomposite film was increased due to reduced self-quenching and prolonged carrier lifetime. Inverted PeLEDs with the configuration of ITO/PEIE-modified ZnO NAs/MAPbBr3 NPLs:PVK/TFB/Au were fabricated and evaluated, using TFB as the hole transport layer. The current density of the devices containing PVK matrix was significantly suppressed compared to those without PVK. Herein, the best device revealed a max brightness of 495 cd m−2 and a low turn-on voltage of 3.1 V that shows potential use in light-emitting applications.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2053-1591/aaa416/pdf

Novel hybrid light-emitting devices based on MAPbBr 3 nanoplatelets:PVK nanocomposites and zinc oxide nanorod arrays

A new solution-processable bipolar dendrimer with carbazole units as hole-transporting units and oxadiazole units as electron-transporting units was efficiently synthesized based on a convergent approach by alternation of a Cu-catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition reaction and Williamson ether synthesis. The orthogonal chemistry completely avoided protection and activation of the focal points in the process of dendrimer synthesis. The dendrimer showed a wide bandgap and good thermal stability. Electrophosphorescent devices with the configuration ITO/PEDOT:PSS/bipolar dendrimer: Ir(ppy)(3)/TPBI/LiF/Al were fabricated. The devices showed a maximum current efficiency of 16.8 cd.A(-1), a maximum power efficiency of 4.22 lm.W-1 and an external quantum efficiency of 5.7%.

“Click” Synthesis of a Bipolar Dendrimer as a Host Material for Electrophosphorescent Devices

Synthesis and characterization of carbazole-based dendrimers as bipolar host materials for green phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes

The impact of 1 wt% of Ir(ppy)3 on trapping sites and radiative recombination centres in PVK and PVK/PBD blend seen by thermoluminescence

An emission layer with the poly-vinylcarbazole PVK and Irppy3tris2-phenylpyridineiridiumIII as the host and guest materi- als, respectively, was prepared on a PEDOT:PSS/ITO substrate. TPBI 2,2,2-1,3,5-benzinetriyl-tris1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole was in- troduced to improve the light efficiency of the devices. Green phosphorescence polymer LEDs with the structure ITO/PEDOT:PSS/ PVK:Irppy3/TPBI/LiF/Al were fabricated and their electrical and opti- cal properties investigated at various doping concentrations 0.5 wt % to 2.5 wt % of Irppy3. The maximum luminance and current density were about 8600 cd/m 2 and 155 mA/cm 2 at 7 V, respectively, when the TPBI layer was introduced between the emission layer and cathode electrode film. The emission spectrum and Commission Interna- tional d'Eclairage CIE color coordinates were about 512 nm and x,y =0.27 to 0.28, 0.61 to 0.63, respectively, showing a green color. © 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. DOI: 10.1117/1.3251325 Subject terms: polymer light-emitting diode; phosphorescence; poly-vinylcarbazole; tris2-phenylpyridine iridiumIIIIrppy 3 ; luminance.

Preparation and characterization of phosphorescence organic light-emitting diodes using poly-vinylcarbazole: tris"2-phenylpyridine… iridium"III… emission layer

Phosphorescence polymer LEDs (PhPLEDs) with the structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK:Ir(ppy)3:PFO:Ir(pq)2acac/TPBI/LiF/Al were fabricated to investigate the effects of the doping concentration of Ir(pq)2acac on the electrical and optical properties of the devices. PVK(poly-vinylcarbazole) and Ir(ppy)3[tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III)] polymers were used as the host and guest materials, respectively. PFO[poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene)] and Ir(pq)2(acac)[bis(2-phenyl-1-quinoline)iridiumacetyl acetonate] were also introduced as blue and red component guest materials for the white emission. The concentration ratio of PVK:Ir(ppy)3:PFO was fixed at 100:2.0:1.0 vol%. The Ir(pq)2acac concentration in the emission layer was varied from 1.0 to 5.0 vol%. White PhPLEDs were obtained for the samples with 5.0 vol% of Ir(pq)2acac, for which the luminance and current density were about 2530 cd/m2 and 720 mA/cm2 at 8 V, respectively. The CIE color coordinates were x, y = 0.33, 0.33, showing a pure white color.

Properties of Phosphorescence Polymer Light Emitting Diodes with PVK: Ir(ppy)3:PFO:Ir(pq)2acac Emission Layer

The phosphorescence polymer LEDs (PhPLEDs) with the structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK:Ir(ppy) 3 :
PFO:Ir(pq) 2 acac/TPBI/LiF/Al were fabricated to investigate the effect of doping concentrations on the electrical and
optical properties of PhPLEDs. The PVK(poly-vinylcarbazole) and Ir(ppy) 3 [tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III)] polymers
were used as the host and guest materials. The PFO[poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene)] and Ir(pq) 2 (acac) 
[bis(2-phenyl-1-quinoline)iridiumacety lacetonate] were also introduced as other guest materials for the white emission. The Ir(pq) 2 acac concentrations was changed ranging from 1.0 to 5.0 volume % (vol %) in the emission layer. The concentration of
PVK:Ir(ppy) 3 :PFO was fixed with 100:2.0:1.0 in vol %, respectively. The white PhPLEDs were obtained for the samples
with 5.0 vol % of Ir(pq) 2 acac material and the maximum luminance was found to be 2430 cd/m 2 . The CIE color
coordinators were ranged with x, y = 0.32~0.33, 0.33~0.34 at 8V, showing good white color.

Preparation and characterization of white phosphorescence polymer light emitting diodes

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Papers

Preparation and characterization of phosphorescence organic light-emitting diodes using poly-vinylcarbazole: tris"2-phenylpyridine… iridium"III… emission layer

Properties of Phosphorescence Polymer Light Emitting Diodes with PVK: Ir(ppy)3:PFO:Ir(pq)2acac Emission Layer

Preparation and characterization of white phosphorescence polymer light emitting diodes