Managing digestate output and developing a market for the product is a serious challenge for the biogas industry. Without effective strategies for sustainable management, the large volume of digestate produced by biogas plants may cripple the industry and its potential. Through interviews with diverse biogas stakeholders, we examine current approaches to digestate marketing to identify factors that support and those that inhibit its success. We find that marketing to regions with a nutrient demand or into the non-agricultural sector holds promise. Upgraded digestate products offer increased marketability due to their higher nutrient content and lower water content. Fertilizer and soil manufacturers, farmers, horticulturists and private customers all represent markets for digestate. Current disposal prices range from negative to strongly positive, depending on the regional nutrient availability, agricultural structure, season, feedstock and degree of upgrading. Marketers agree that concealing the biogas origin of digestate products is still necessary to avoid negative perceptions by customers. One implication of this is the need for better understanding by marketers of consumer concerns and preferences, and for better education of consumers regarding the safety and benefits of digestate. Overall, we find that opportunities for digestate marketing remain largely unexploited and marketing strategies remain immature. Our findings should prove helpful to current and future digestate marketers.

Biogas digestate marketing: Qualitative insights into the supply side

Food waste composting: Its use as a peat replacement

The incorporation of common organic wastes (e.g. compost, biosolids, recycled paper waste) into soil promotes contaminant removal and stabilization, and diverts waste from landfill or incineration. However, implementation is constrained by public perception, timescale, cost and the pollutant burden of the organic waste itself. In addition, the high nutrient content of most organic wastes can lead to low biodiversity value at restoration sites. These potential negative aspects are now being countered by the mixing of waste streams, thus providing a multifunctional solution to land remediation where pollutant removal is not the only long-term goal.

Organic amendments for remediation: putting waste to good use.

Assessing the addition of mineral processing waste to green waste-derived compost : An agronomic, environmental and economic appraisal

Physical and chemical properties of pyrolyzed biosolids for utilization in sand-based turfgrass rootzones.

A survey of Nevada residents in the Las Vegas Valley was conducted to determine perceptions and attitudes as they may contribute to the marketing potential of composted biosolids for residential use. Currently only 5 percent of Nevada's sludge is being composted, 15 percent is land applied while 80 percent is being sent to landfills. Sludge generated in the Las Vegas Valley is extremely low in heavy metals due to the low presence of industries that are characterized with the release of heavy metals. A residential survey was developed and mailed to over one percent of the valley's households resulting in a 21.5 percent return. Seventy-six percent of the respondents rated recycling as important or very important and 74 percent indicated that it is important or very important to find uses specifically for sewage sludge. A large percentage of residents were not aware of how sewage sludge is disposed (73.7%), but felt the community should be examining sewage sludge recycling options (75.1%). After a descriptiv...

Residential assessment and perception toward biosolids compost use in an urban setting

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Residential assessment and perception toward biosolids compost use in an urban setting