Superhydrophobic surfaces have gained significant popularity in industrial production due to their unique structure resembling lotus leaves. Achieving the mechanical stability of superhydrophobic surfaces and improving the self-cleaning and deicing effects have attracted critical research focus. This study incorporated a hybrid composite of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTS), denoted as TiO2-MWCNTS, into an epoxy resin matrix. The hybrid composite was spray-coated onto the substrate and cured, resulting in a superhydrophobic surface with excellent wear resistance and deicing performance. By adjusting the mass ratio of TiO2 and MWCNTS, it was found that a 3:1 ratio exhibited a contact angle (WCA) of 159.8° ± 0.5°. Incorporating the TiO2-MWCNTS hybrid structure not only significantly improved the mechanical durability of the coating surface but also harnessed the outstanding photothermal conversion ability of carbon nanotubes, imparting excellent deicing capability to the coated surface. Therefore, this superhydrophobic surface holds great practical value for outdoor applications. 

Superhydrophobic surface of hybrid nanocomposites made of TiO2 and multi-walled carbon nanotubes: photothermal ice removal performance and wear resistance

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) has a significant effect on the wood, and the commonly used UV shielding agents are easily degraded. Lignin is a bio-based UV screening agent and tuning of its nanoparticles is meaningful for realizing the UV shielding properties and stability of composites. With the modification of the deep eutectic solvents based on sulfamic acid and urea, lignin nanoparticles with amino functional groups were prepared, and a protective layer with UV shielding properties was constructed on the surface of the poplar veneer. The phenolic hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, and conjugated structure of lignin nanoparticles endowed the composites with the properties of UV shielding, photothermal conversion, and photothermal de-icing. The results of this study provide a benchmark for realizing the low-cost and sustainable preparation of wood composites with UV shielding and are conducive to promoting the high-value application of lignin nanoparticles. 

An ultraviolet shielding material based on lignin nanoparticles engineered with deep eutectic solvents for long-term outdoor application

Accumulated ice has brought much damage to engineering and people’s lives. The accumulation of ice can affect the flight safety of aircraft and lead to the failure of cables and power generation blades; it can even cause damage to human life. Traditional anti-icing and de-icing strategies have many disadvantages such as high energy consumption, low efficiency, or pollution of the environment. Therefore, inspired by animal communities, researchers have developed new passive anti-icing materials such as superhydrophobic material. In this paper, the solid surface wetting phenomenon and superhydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing mechanism were introduced. The methods of fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces were summarized. The research progress of wear-resistant superhydrophobic coatings, self-healing/self-repairing superhydrophobic coatings, photothermal superhydrophobic coatings, and electrothermal superhydrophobic coatings in the field of anti-icing and de-icing was reviewed. The current problems and challenges were analyzed, and the development trend of superhydrophobic materials was also prospected in the field of anti-icing and de-icing. The practicality of current superhydrophobic materials should continue to be explored in depth.

Research Progress of Superhydrophobic Materials in the Field of Anti-/De-Icing and Their Preparation: A Review

Abstract Graphene, the world’s thinnest two-dimensional (2D) carbon material, with the highly ordered and repeated atomic structure and its excellent properties such as mechanical, electrical, optical, chemical, and thermal properties, has been extensively studied and applied in materialogy, physics, biomedicine and other fields in recent years. In the case of biomedical applications, the advent of graphene-based materials (GBMs) has resulted in excellent biomedical materials with a wide range of applications. Compared with the published reviews of graphene-based biomedical materials, we systematically and comprehensively introduced the properties of graphene-based biomaterials from the perspective of biomedical applications. In addition, we introduced the structure and preparation methods of graphene and its derivatives, and summarized recent advances on GBMs in the biomedical field, including drug carriers, biosensors, tissue engineering, antimicrobial materials, and other forms of exploration for medical heating, radiation shielding, surgical suturing, and wastewater treatment. Finally, we discussed the current problems and challenges of GBMs and the prospect for the future development in the biomedical field. Graphical Abstract

Preparation, properties, applications and outlook of graphene-based materials in biomedical field: a comprehensive review

Tailoring surface features and pore structure by carbon spiral fibers to construct the high-strength carbon foams for the fast and cyclic photo-thermal oil absorption

Many studies have shown that a low mass loading graphene nanosheets (GNSs) in a polymer matrix can provide the nanocomposite with high photothermal conversion efficiency in the near-infrared (NIR) region. However, how to accurately control the photothermal effect of graphene/polymer smart nanocomposites is still a key to its application in biomedicine, micromechanical systems and other fields. Aiming to describe the photothermal effect and indicate the photothermal conversion process, a generalized driving force induced photothermal conversion is introduced based on an energy balance relation modified by Maxwell effective medium theory. The effects of GNSs’ size and mass concentration, light intensity of NIR irradiation and film thickness of GNSs/polymer nanocomposites on the photothermal conversion are all discussed in this paper. Some critical values (such as GNSs’ size and mass concentration, GNSs/polymer nanocomposites film thickness) of the photothermal conversion are predicted, and their influence mechanisms on photothermal conversion are also clarified.

Photothermal effect of graphene/polymer smart nanocomposites under NIR stimuli

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Photothermal effect of graphene/polymer smart nanocomposites under NIR stimuli