A review on classifications, recent synthesis and applications of textile dyes

Dyes (colorants) are used in many industrial applications, and effluents of several industries contain toxic dyes. Dyes exhibit toxicity to humans, aquatic organisms, and the environment. Therefore, dyes containing wastewater must be properly treated before discharging to the surrounding water bodies. Among several water treatment technologies, adsorption is the most preferred technique to sequester dyes from water bodies. Many studies have reported the removal of dyes from wastewater using biochar produced from different biomass, e.g., algae and plant biomass, forest, and domestic residues, animal waste, sewage sludge, etc. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the application of biochar as an eco-friendly and economical adsorbent to remove toxic colorants (dyes) from the aqueous environment. This review highlights the routes of biochar production, such as hydrothermal carbonization, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal liquefaction. Biochar as an adsorbent possesses numerous advantages, such as being eco-friendly, low-cost, and easy to use; various precursors are available in abundance to be converted into biochar, it also has recyclability potential and higher adsorption capacity than other conventional adsorbents. From the literature review, it is clear that biochar is a vital candidate for removal of dyes from wastewater with adsorption capacity of above 80%.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/12/3561/pdf

Biochar as an Eco-Friendly and Economical Adsorbent for the Removal of Colorants (Dyes) from Aqueous Environment: A Review

ABSTRACT Good quality of water determines the healthy life of living beings on this earth. The cleanliness of water was interrupted by the pollutants emerging out of several human activities. Industrialization, urbanization, heavy population, and improper disposal of wastes are found to be the major reasons for the contamination of water. Globally, the inclusion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals released by manufacturing industries, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemical processes have created environmental issues. The toxic nature of these pollutants has led researchers, scientists, and industries to exhibit concern toward the complete eradication of them. In this scenario, the development of wastewater treatment methodologies at low cost and in an eco-friendly way had gained importance at the international level. Recently, bio-based technologies were considered for environmental remedies. Biofiltration-based works have shown a significant result for the removal of volatile organic compounds and heavy metals in the treatment of wastewater. This was done with several biological sources such as bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, yeasts, etc. The biofiltration technique is cost-effective, simple, biocompatible, sustainable, and eco-friendly compared to conventional techniques. This review article provides deep insight into biofiltration technologies engaged in the removal of volatile organic compounds and heavy metals in the wastewater treatment process. Graphical abstract

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21655979.2022.2050538?needAccess=true

A review on biofiltration techniques: recent advancements in the removal of volatile organic compounds and heavy metals in the treatment of polluted water

VOCs absorption from gas streams using deep eutectic solvents - A review.

Silver based hybrid nanocomposite: A novel antibacterial material for water cleansing

Removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from a textile dyeing wastewater treatment plant and the attenuation of respiratory health risks using a pilot-scale biofilter

The invention discloses a spindle-shaped lysine bacillus with the degradation ability of ethanethiol and dimethyl disulfide and the application thereof. The strain was named Lysinibacillus fusiformisGDUTAN6, Deposited at China Typical Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, CCTCC NO: M 2018416, dated 2 July 2018. GDUTAN6 is gram-positive, rod-shaped, round, white, transparent, and 1-2mm in diameter, and that bacterial colony of the spindle-shaped lysine bacillus GDUTAN6 is round and transparent. The degradation rate of ethanethiol and dimethyl disulfide was 93.17% and 100%, respectively. The biodegradation of ethanethiol and dimethyl disulfide by Bacillus spindle GDUTAN6 could be used in environmental remediation.

Spindle-shaped lysine bacillus with degradation ability of ethanethiol and dimethyl disulfide and application thereof

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Removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from a textile dyeing wastewater treatment plant and the attenuation of respiratory health risks using a pilot-scale biofilter

Spindle-shaped lysine bacillus with degradation ability of ethanethiol and dimethyl disulfide and application thereof