https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2022.102393

Genetic and microbiome analysis of feed efficiency in laying hens

Koumiss is a traditional fermented drink widely consumed by nomads owing to its rich nutritional value and therapeutic effects. Lactobacillus paracasei is a bacterial strain isolated from koumiss and has a positive effect on diarrhea; however, the relationship between gut microbial dysbiosis and L. paracasei gut microbial metabolism remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the anti-diarrheal activity of L. paracasei in a murine E. coli-induced diarrhea model to provide novel insights into its probiotic properties by analyzing its intestinal metabolites and effects on the intestinal barrier. Oral administration of the probiotic, L. paracasei, enhanced tight junction protein expression, alleviated clinical manifestations consistent with E. coli-induced diarrhea, and positively affected overall intestinal microecological homeostasis. Moreover, it increased the goblet cell count and the secretory immunoglobulin A content and regulated intestinal metabolism via gut microbes, consequently preventing E. coli-mediated disruption of the intestinal epithelial cell barrier.

Lactobacillus paracasei influences the gut-microbiota-targeted metabolic modulation of the immune status of diarrheal mice.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2023.102715

Research Note: Therapeutic effect of a Salmonella phage combination on chicks infected with Salmonella Typhimurium

BACKGROUND
The pathogenesis of moyamoya disease (MMD) is unclear. Inflammation and immune imbalance have been identified as potential factors contributing to the occurrence and progression of MMD. However, the specific proteins and metabolites responsible for triggering this process are yet to be established. The purpose of this study is to identify differentially expressed proteins and metabolites in patients with MMD and perform Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway integration analysis to pinpoint crucial proteins and metabolites involved in the disease.


METHODS
We performed untargeted metabolomic and data-independent acquisition proteomic analyses on the serum samples of individuals with MMD and healthy controls (HC).


RESULTS
In patients with MMD versus HC, 24 proteins and 60 metabolites, including 21 anionic metabolites and 39 cationic metabolites, which were significantly different, were identified. In patients with MMD, several proteins involved in inflammation and immune metabolism, such as tubulin beta-6 and complement C4, were found to have significantly altered levels. Similarly, many metabolites involved in inflammation and immune metabolisms, such as dimethyl 4-hydroxyisophthalate, beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide, 2-(3-(4-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)pyridine, and PC (17:1/18:2), were significantly altered. Intriguingly, these proteins and metabolites are involved in the progression of atherosclerosis through immune and inflammatory pathways, although some have never been reported in MMD. Moreover, integrated proteomics and metabolomics studies were conducted to determine shared pathways involving cholesterol metabolism, vitamin digestion, fat digestion, and absorption pathways of proteins and metabolites, which warrant further investigation.


CONCLUSIONS
Significant increases in pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive abilities have been observed in patients with MMD, accompanied by significant reductions in anti-inflammatory and immune regulation. Various metabolites and proteins implicated in these processes have been identified for the first time. These findings hold immense significance for comprehending the pathogenesis of MMD and for the development of future drug therapies.

Proteomic and metabolomic characterizations of moyamoya disease patient sera.

Carbohydrate is the most common macronutrient consumed across all phases of the diet and acts as a potential regulator in modulating the gut microbiota in animals. However, the influences of dietary non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) to neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in different ratios on gut microbiota, metabolites, intestinal immunity, and growth performance have not been fully explored. A total of 135 healthy weaned rabbits (45.1 ± 0.7 d of age) with an average body weight of 1.08 ± 0.07 kg were randomly divided into five groups. Under the same other nutrient levels, rabbits were fed diets with NFC/NDF ratios of 0.7 (T1), 1.0 (T2), 1.3 (T3), 1.6 (T4), and 1.9 (T5). During the 28-day experiment, T3 rabbits showed the highest final body weight and the lowest feed-to-weight ratio than T5 rabbits (P < 0.05) but no significant difference with T1 or T2 rabbits. The expression of cecal pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α was increased in the T4 and T5 than in those of other groups (P < 0.05). Conversely, the tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin) were decreased to varying degrees in the T4 and T5 groups. The pH value in the cecal digesta of T5 rabbits was lower than that of T1, T2, and T3 (P < 0.05), while the concentration of volatile fatty acids and propionate was higher than those of T1, T2, and T3 rabbits (P < 0.05). In terms of gut microbiota, at the phylum level, the relative burden of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria in T2 rabbits was the highest (P < 0.05), and the relative burden of Proteobacteria in T5 rabbits was higher than that of other groups (P < 0.05). At the genus level, the relative burden of Ruminococcus was higher in T2 and T3 rabbits than that of other groups, and T5 rabbits have the lowest relative burden of Ruminococcus. Combination analysis showed that cecal metabolites were positively associated with fermentation-related phenotypes and the burden of Firmicutes (P < 0.05). In conclusion, different dietary NFC/NDF ratios can affect the intestinal immune response and growth performance of rabbits, and there was a positive effect when dietary NFC/NDF = 1.0–1.3.

The ratios of dietary non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) to neutral detergent fiber (NDF) influence intestinal immunity of rabbits by regulating gut microbiota composition and metabolites

Simple Summary In July 2020, China completely banned the addition of antibiotics to feed, which had a huge impact on animal husbandry, such as the increased incidence of some intestinal diseases. In this study, the pathogenesis of diarrhea in rabbits fed with antibiotic-free diet was studied by multi-omics analysis. The study found that the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the cecum of diarrhea-afflicted rabbits changed significantly. Most of the differential expression genes identified were related to cecum inflammation and immune response, and a total of 652 differential metabolites were identified, mainly involved in inflammation-related metabolic pathways such as bile secretion, folic acid resistance, and tryptophan metabolism. In addition, Fournierella was positively correlated with myricetin and ursolic acid; thus, it might further cause bile secretion and tryptophan metabolism disorders, aggravate intestinal inflammation, change intestinal permeability, reduce host immunity, and lead to diarrhea in rabbits. Abstract With the comprehensive prohibition of antibiotics in the feed industry in China, the incidence of diarrhea in rabbits increased, such as loss of appetite, vomiting, and excretion of atheromatous feces. In order to explore the pathological and the molecular mechanisms of the diarrhea in the rabbitry fed with antibiotic-free diet, we used microbial metagenomics, transcriptome, and non-targeted metabolomics sequencing. The results showed that the Firmicutes level was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) and the Proteobacteria level was significantly increased (p < 0.05). The functional enrichment of cecum revealed that most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were expressed in immune, inflammatory, and metabolic processes. The enrichment of the cecal fecal metabolites focused on the bile secretion, antifolate resistance, and tryptophan metabolism pathways, which are mainly associated with inflammation. The results of correlation analysis showed that Fournierella was positively correlated with myricetin, ursolic acid, and furtherly might cause bile secretion and tryptophan metabolism disorder, aggravate intestinal inflammation, change intestinal permeability, and reduce host immunity, leading to diarrhea in rabbits. This study provides a theoretical basis for illustrating the reason for diarrhea and developing new feeds for the health of rabbits.

/pdf/the-multi-omics-analysis-revealed-a-metabolic-regulatory-3qb0w2ur.pdf

The Multi-Omics Analysis Revealed a Metabolic Regulatory System of Cecum in Rabbit with Diarrhea

Objective To assess the value of next generation sequencing (NGS) for the prevention and control of thalassemia. Methods NGS was used to sequence 3083 clinical blood samples suspected for thalassemia during initial screening. Retrospective analysis was conducted on blood samples detected with rare genotypes of thalassemia and abnormal hemoglobin. Results NGS analysis of the 3083 samples has found 1089 subjects with thalassemia genotypes (alpha-thelassemia genotype: 26.01%, beta-thalassemia genotype: 6.71%, and alpha-compound-beta genotype: 2.59%), which yielded a positive detection rate of 35.32%. Rare alpha-thalassemia genotypes including HBA2 c.123delG, HBA1 c.354_355insATC and Fusion gene, and rare beta-thalassemia genotypes including HBB c.-100G>A and HBB c.316-90A>G, were discovered. In addition, 19 patients were found to have abnormal hemoglobin, mainly including Hb Hamilton, Hb Hekinan II, Hb Shizuoka, Hb Owari, Hb New York, Hb J-Bangkok and Hb Port Phillip. Conclusion NGS can play a crucial role for improving of the prevention and control of thalassemia and formulating a screening system with better efficacy.

[Effect of high-throughput sequencing for the prevention and control of thalassemia].

Simple Summary After being fed an antibiotic-free diet, some rabbits showed typical diarrhea symptoms. In order to explore the reasons, this study used multiple omics analysis. Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were significantly upregulated in the colon of diarrhea rabbits, and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was decreased. The significantly upregulated differential genes were mainly enriched in the IL-17 signaling pathway and were involved in promoting inflammatory response. The different metabolites were mainly enriched in tryptophan metabolism and bile secretion, which affected the anti-inflammatory function. In addition, Bacteroides is positively correlated with 4-Morpholinobenzoic acid and Diacetoxyscirpenol, which is believed to be an important cause of inflammation. The enrichment of Proteobacteria is also related to the high expression of the IL-17 signaling pathway. Abstract Diarrhea symptoms appeared after antibiotics were banned from animal feed based on the law of the Chinese government in 2020. The colon and its contents were collected and analyzed from diarrheal and healthy rabbits using three omics analyses. The result of the microbial genomic analysis showed that the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria increased significantly (p-value < 0.01). Transcriptomes analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are abundant in the IL-17 signaling pathway and are highly expressed in the pro-inflammatory pathway. The metabolome analysis investigated differential metabolites (DMs) that were mainly enriched in tryptophan metabolism and bile secretion, which were closely related to the absorption and immune function of the colon. The results of correlation analysis showed that Bacteroidetes was positively correlated with 4-Morpholinobenzoic acid, and 4-Morpholinobenzoic acid could aggravate inflammation through its influence on the bile secretion pathway. The enriched DMs L-Tryptophan in the tryptophan metabolism pathway will lead to the functional disorder of inhibiting inflammation by affecting the protein digestion and absorption pathway. Thus, the colonic epithelial cells were damaged, affecting the function of the colon and leading to diarrhea in rabbits. Therefore, the study provided an idea for feed development and a theoretical basis for maintaining intestinal tract fitness in rabbits.

/pdf/the-multi-omics-analysis-revealed-microbiological-regulation-3sdgr3kt.pdf

The Multi-Omics Analysis Revealed Microbiological Regulation of Rabbit Colon with Diarrhea Fed an Antibiotic-Free Diet

Atractylodin Ameliorates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis in Mice

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Papers

The Multi-Omics Analysis Revealed a Metabolic Regulatory System of Cecum in Rabbit with Diarrhea

[Effect of high-throughput sequencing for the prevention and control of thalassemia].

The Multi-Omics Analysis Revealed Microbiological Regulation of Rabbit Colon with Diarrhea Fed an Antibiotic-Free Diet

Atractylodin Ameliorates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis in Mice