Extraction, purification, structural characteristics, biological activities, and application of the polysaccharides from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (lotus): A review.

/pdf/resolution-conflict-and-rate-shifts-insights-from-a-densely-3dn40obt.pdf

Resolution, conflict and rate shifts: insights from a densely sampled plastome phylogeny for Rhododendron (Ericaceae)

Transforming dense MXene (Ti3C2Tx) films into lightweight 3D porous frameworks is crucial for practical applications of 2D MXene materials. However, traditional foaming technologies may compromise the intrinsic properties of MXene films, such as foldability, which is essential for future applications. Here, we report an approach using a common acid-base neutralization reaction to rapidly foam MXene films. The acid solution triggers the generation of porous structures in alkalized MXene films, resulting in a 3D porous MXene film with good foldability, excellent absolute shielding efficiency (25,445 dB cm2 g−1), electrochemical capacitance, and infrared stealth properties. Furthermore, the acid-base neutralization reaction strategy can be applied to foam other 2D material films, such as graphene oxide, broadening the potential for developing innovative foaming modes of 2D materials. This work enhances our understanding of MXene film foaming and lays the foundation for further applications of MXenes. 

Rapid foaming of dense MXene films induced by acid-base neutralization reaction

Substrate specificity of polyphenol oxidase and its selectivity towards polyphenols: Unlocking the browning mechanism of fresh lotus root (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.).

The genus Nymphaea L. (water lily) is the most diverse genus in the family Nymphaeaceae, with more than 50 species worldwide, including 11 species distributed in Africa. The complex and variable morphology of Nymphaea makes it extremely difficult to accurately identify species based on morphological characteristics alone. DNA barcoding has the potential to identify species accurately. In this study, 158 Nymphaea populations from seven African countries were collected for species identification by ITS, trnT-trnF and rpl16. Additionally, the three candidate DNA barcodes were evaluated for genetic distance and barcoding gap. Based on the comprehensive analysis of sequence similarity, genetic distance method and phylogenetic tree, a total of 137 populations of seven Nymphaea species from African were well-identified, including N. lotus, N. petersiana, N. zenkeri, N. nouchali var. caerulea, N. micrantha and N. guineensis. ITS has more obvious advantages over trnT-trnF, rpl16 and trnT-trnF+rpl16 in the intraspecific and interspecific variation differences and barcoding gap and can identify most species. trnT-trnF and rpl16 can identify some species that cannot be identified by ITS. The results showed that it is more appropriate to apply the combination of ITS and trnT-trnF (or rpl16) as the DNA barcoding of Nymphaea. Additionally, this study further enriches the DNA barcoding database of Nymphaea and provides a reference basis for studying taxonomy, phylogenetics and evolutionary origin of Nymphaea.

/pdf/molecular-identification-of-african-nymphaea-species-water-10vbsop5.pdf

Molecular Identification of African Nymphaea Species (Water Lily) Based on ITS, trnT-trnF and rpl16

Lotus (family: Nelumbonaceae) are perennial aquatic plants that represent one of the most ancient basal dicots. In the present study, we resequenced 296 lotus accessions from various geographical locations and germplasms to explore their genomic diversity and population structure. This germplasm set consisted of four accessions of American wild lotus and 292 accessions of Asian lotus, which were divided into four subgroups: wild, rhizome, flower and seed. Total single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) suggested that the wild lotus had the highest variant number (7 191 010). Population structure and genome diversity analysis indicated that the American wild lotus demonstrated a distant genetic relationship with the Asian lotus. Furthermore, the seed and rhizome lotus groups had not originated from a single source but rather had a more complex multisource origin. Besides that, the seed lotus showed higher genetic diversity, which might have been due to the gene flow from the flower lotus to seed lotus by artificial crossing, and the rhizome lotus showed a much lower genetic diversity than the other groups. The present study provides SNP markers for lotus genomic diversity analysis, which will be useful for guiding lotus breeding.

Resequencing of 296 cultivated and wild lotus accessions unravels its evolution and breeding history

Species of Cephalotaxus have great economic and ecological values. However, the taxonomy and interspecific phylogenetic relationships within the genus have been controversial and remained not fully resolved until now. To date, no study examined the efficiency of the complete plastome as super-barcode across Cephalotaxus species with multiple samples per taxon. In this study, we have evaluated the complete plastome in species discrimination and phylogenetic resolution in Cephalotaxus by including 32 individuals of all eight recognized species and five varieties following Farjon’s classification (2010) with multiple samples per taxon. Our results indicated that not all species recognized in recent taxonomic revisions of Cephalotaxus could be distinguished and not all were monophyletic. Based on the plastome phylogeny, a new taxonomic classification for the genus comprising nine species and two varieties, including a cryptic species, was proposed. The phylogeny also resolved all interspecific relationships. Compared to the plastome based classification, standard DNA barcodes, alone or in combination, only recognized a maximum of seven out of the nine species. Moreover, two highly variable single loci, ycf1 and rps16, each alone achieved full species discrimination. With the moderate length of 1079 bp, rps16 is proposed as a specific barcode to discriminate Cephalotaxus species. The super-barcodes and specific barcode candidates will aid in the identification of endangered Cephalotaxus species, and to help focus conservation measures.

/pdf/testing-the-complete-plastome-for-species-discrimination-3oq9drjv.pdf

Testing the Complete Plastome for Species Discrimination, Cryptic Species Discovery and Phylogenetic Resolution in Cephalotaxus (Cephalotaxaceae)

Accurate species identification is key to conservation and phylogenetic inference. Living plant collections from botanical gardens/arboretum are important resources for the purpose of scientific research, but the proportion of cultivated plant misidentification are un-tested using DNA barcodes. Here, we assembled the next-generation barcode (complete plastid genome and complete nrDNA cistron) and mitochondrial genes from genome skimming data of Torreya species with multiple accessions for each species to test the species discrimination and the misidentification proportion of cultivated plants used in Torreya studies. A total of 38 accessions were included for analyses, representing all nine recognized species of genus Torreya. The plastid phylogeny showed that all 21 wild samples formed species-specific clades, except T. jiulongshanensis. Disregarding this putative hybrid, seven recognized species sampled here were successfully discriminated by the plastid genome. Only the T. nucifera accessions grouped into two grades. The species identification rate of the nrDNA cistron was 62.5%. The Skmer analysis based on nuclear reads from genome skims showed promise for species identification with seven species discriminated. The proportion of misidentified cultivated plants from arboreta/botanical gardens was relatively high with four accessions (23.5%) representing three species. Interspecific relationships within Torreya were fully resolved with maximum support by plastomes, where Torreya jackii was on the earliest diverging branch, though sister to T. grandis in the nrDNA cistron tree, suggesting that this is likely a hybrid species between T. grandis and an extinct Torreya ancestor lineage. The findings here provide quantitative insights into the usage of cultivated samples for phylogenetic study.

Phylogenetic Relationships and Next-Generation Barcodes in the Genus Torreya Reveal a High Proportion of Misidentified Cultivated Plants.

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Papers

Resequencing of 296 cultivated and wild lotus accessions unravels its evolution and breeding history

Testing the Complete Plastome for Species Discrimination, Cryptic Species Discovery and Phylogenetic Resolution in Cephalotaxus (Cephalotaxaceae)

Phylogenetic Relationships and Next-Generation Barcodes in the Genus Torreya Reveal a High Proportion of Misidentified Cultivated Plants.