Soil contamination by lead, zinc, iron, manganese, and copper is a widespread environmental issue associated with the mining industry. Primary sources include mining activities, production and processing operations, waste disposal and management practices, and atmospheric sediments. Soil contamination and degradation, water pollution impacting aquatic ecosystems, plant absorption leading to agricultural product contamination, health risks associated with exposure to lead, zinc, iron, manganese, and copper, along with effects on fauna and biodiversity, constitute the primary environmental and health impacts of contamination. In this study, diverse sampling and analysis methods, geographic information systems, and remote sensing techniques are investigated for monitoring and assessing soil contamination with these metals. Soil modification techniques, phytoremediation, and other strategies for reduction and modification are considered among the most crucial, alongside health protection and risk management strategies. Finally, the article explores innovative methods and solutions for mineral waste management and remediation, the application of green chemistry and sustainable practices in the mining industry, and the utilization of artificial intelligence for controlling heavy metal ion pollution. 

Comprehensive analysis of heavy metal soil contamination in mining Environments: Impacts, monitoring Techniques, and remediation strategies

The resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs is an important problem worldwide. To solve this problem, active searches for antimicrobial components, approaches and therapies are being carried out. Selenium nanoparticles have high potential for antimicrobial activity. The relevance of their application is indisputable, which can be noted due to the significant increase in publications on the topic over the past decade. This review of research publications aims to provide the reader with up-to-date information on the antimicrobial properties of selenium nanoparticles, including susceptible microorganisms, the mechanisms of action of nanoparticles on bacteria and the effect of nanoparticle properties on their antimicrobial activity. This review describes the most complete information on the antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal effects of selenium nanoparticles. 

A Review of the Antibacterial, Fungicidal and Antiviral Properties of Selenium Nanoparticles

Although pervasive microplastics (MPs) pollution in terrestrial ecosystems invites increasing concern, impact of MPs on soil microbial community assembly, and ecosystem functions and multifunctionality received relatively little attention. Here, we manipulated a mesocosm experiment to investigate how polyethylene MPs (PE MPs; 0, 1%, and 5%, w/w) influence plant production, soil quality, microbial community diversity and assembly, enzymology in carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling, and ecosystem multifunctionality in maize–soil continuum. Results showed that PE MPs exerted negligible effect on plant biomass (dry weight). The 5% PE MPs caused declines in the availability of soil water, C and P, whereas enhanced soil pH and C storage. The activity of C-cycling enzymes (α/β-1, 4-glucosidase, β-D-cellobiohydrolase) was promoted by 1% PE MPs, while that of β-1, 4-glucosidase was inhibited by 5% PE MPs. The 5% PE MPs reduced activity of N-cycling enzymes (protease and urease), whereas increased that of P-cycling enzyme (alkaline phosphatase). The 5% PE MPs shifted microbial community composition, and increased the number of specialist species, microbial community stability and networks resistance. PE MPs altered microbial community assembly, with 5% concentration decreasing dispersal limitation proportion (from 13.66 to 9.96%). Overall, soil ecosystem multifunctionality was improved by 1% concentration, while reduced by 5% concentration of PE MPs. The activity of α/β-1, 4-glucosidase, urease, and protease, and ammonium-N content were the most important predictors of soil ecosystem multifunctionality. These results underscore that PE MPs can alter soil microbial community assembly and ecosystem multifunctionality, thus development and implement of scalable solutions controlling soil MPs pollution become increasingly imperative in sustainable agricultural production. 

Polyethylene microplastics alter soil microbial community assembly and ecosystem multifunctionality

The co-occurrence of microplastics (MPs) and heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) has attracted growing scientific interest because of their wide distribution and environmental toxicity. Nevertheless, the interactions between MPs and HMs in soil-plant systems remain unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis with 3226 observations from 87 independent studies to quantify the impact of MPs addition on the plant biomass and HMS accumulation. Co-occurrence of MPs and HMs (except for As) induced synergistic toxicity to plant growth. MPs promoted their uptake in the shoot by 11.0% for Cd, 30.0% for Pb, and 47.1% for Cu, respectively. In contrast, MPs caused a significant decrease (22.6%, 17.9-26.9%) in the shoot As accumulation. The type and dose of MPs were correlated with the accumulation of HMs. MPs increased available concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Cu, but decreased available As concentration in soils. Meanwhile, MPs addition significantly lowered soil pH. These findings may provide explanations for MPs-mediated effects on influencing the accumulation of HMs in plants. Using a machine learning approach, we revealed that soil pH and total HMs concentration are the major contributors affecting their accumulation in shoot. Overall, our study indicated that MPs may increase the environmental risks of HMs in agroecosystems, especially metal cations. 

Meta-analysis of impacts of microplastics on plant heavy metal accumulation.

Microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals (HMs) in soil contamination are considered an emerging global problem that poses environmental and health risks. However, their interaction and potential biological effects remain unclear. Here, we reviewed the interaction of MPs with HMs in soil, including its mechanisms, influencing factors and biological effects. Specifically, the interactions between HMs and MPs mainly involve sorption and desorption. The type, aging, concentration, size of MPs, and the physicochemical properties of HMs and soil have significant impacts on the interaction. In particular, MP aging affects specific surface areas and functional groups. Due to the small size and resistance to decomposition characteristics of MPs, they are easily transported through the food chain and exhibit combined biological effects with HMs on soil organisms, thus accumulating in the human body. To comprehensively understand the effect of MPs and HMs in soil, we propose combining traditional experiments with emerging technologies and encouraging more coordinated efforts. 

Interaction of microplastics with heavy metals in soil: Mechanisms, influencing factors and biological effects.

Effects of complex pollution by microplastics and heavy metals on soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities under alternate wetting and drying conditions.

Titanium nanotube surfaces containing silver, zinc, and copper have shown antimicrobial effects without decreasing osteoblastic cell growth. In this in-vitro study we present first results on the biological evaluation of surface modifications by incorporating selenium and silver compounds into titanium-dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes by electrochemical deposition. TiO2-nanotubes (TNT) and Phosphate-doped TNT (pTNT) were grown on the surface of Ti6Al4V discs by anodization. Hydroxyapatite (HA), selenium (Se) and silver (Ag) compounds were incorporated by electrochemical deposition. Colony forming units of Staphylococcus epidermidis (DSM 3269) were significantly decreased in SepTNT (0.97 ± 0.18 × 106 CFU/mL), SepTNT-HA (1.2 ± 0.39 × 106 CFU/mL), AgpTNT (1.36 ± 0.42 × 106 CFU/mL) and Ag2SepTNT (0.999 ± 0.12 × 106 CFU/mL) compared to the non-modified control (2.2 ± 0.21 × 106 CFU/mL). Bacterial adhesion was calculated by measuring the covered area after fluorescence staining. Adhesion was lower in SepTNT (37.93 ± 12%; P = 0.004), pTNT (47.3 ± 6.3%, P = 0.04), AgpTNT (24.9 ± 1.8%; P < 0.001) and Ag2SepTNT (14.9 ± 4.9%; P < 0.001) compared to the non-modified control (73.7 ± 11%). Biofilm formation and the growth of osteoblastic cells (MG-63) was observed by using Crystal Violet staining. Biofilm formation was reduced in SepTNT (22 ± 3%, P = 0.02) and Ag2SepTNT discs (23 ± 11%, P = 0.02) compared to the non-modified control (54 ± 8%). In comparison with the non-modified control the modified SepTNT-HA and pTNT surfaces showed a significant higher covered area with osteoblastic MG-63-cells. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirmed findings regarding bacterial and osteoblastic cell growth. These findings show a potential synergistic effect by combining selenium and silver with titanium nanotubes. 

/pdf/antimicrobial-potential-and-osteoblastic-cell-growth-on-17ibt8fi.pdf

Antimicrobial potential and osteoblastic cell growth on electrochemically modified titanium surfaces with nanotubes and selenium or silver incorporation

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Effects of complex pollution by microplastics and heavy metals on soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities under alternate wetting and drying conditions.

Antimicrobial potential and osteoblastic cell growth on electrochemically modified titanium surfaces with nanotubes and selenium or silver incorporation