The development of sodium-ion batteries for large-scale applications requires the synthesis of electrode materials with high capacity, high initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE), high rate performance, long cycle life, and low cost. A rational design of freestanding anode materials is reported for sodium-ion batteries, consisting of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets aligned vertically on carbon paper derived from paper towel. The hierarchical structure enables sufficient electrode/electrolyte interaction and fast electron transportation. Meanwhile, the unique architecture can minimize the excessive interface between carbon and electrolyte, enabling high ICE. The as-prepared MoS2@carbon paper composites as freestanding electrodes for sodium-ion batteries can liberate the traditional electrode manufacturing procedure, thereby reducing the cost of sodium-ion batteries. The freestanding MoS2@carbon paper electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity, high ICE, good cycling performance, and excellent rate capability. By exploiting in situ Raman spectroscopy, the reversibility of the phase transition from 2H-MoS2 to 1T-MoS2 is observed during the sodium-ion intercalation/deintercalation process. This work is expected to inspire the development of advanced electrode materials for high-performance sodium-ion batteries.

MoS2 Nanosheets Vertically Aligned on Carbon Paper: A Freestanding Electrode for Highly Reversible Sodium Ion Batteries

Interface Chemistry on MXene-Based Materials for Enhanced Energy Storage and Conversion Performance

2D Material-Based Heterostructures for Rechargeable Batteries

Advanced architecture and rational design of electrode materials for electrochemical sodium-ion storage are well developed by researchers worldwide. MXene-based materials are considered as one of the most potential electrode materials for sodium-ion-based devices, such as sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), sodium-sulfur batteries (SSBs), and sodium-ion capacitors (SICs), because of the excellent physicochemical characteristics of MXenes. Here, in this review, the recent research work and progress, both theoretical and experimental, on MXene-based materials including pure MXenes and MXene-based composites in application of SIBs, SSBs, and SICs are comprehensively summarized. The sodium storage mechanisms and the effective methods to enhance the electrochemical performance are also discussed. Finally, the current critical challenges and future research directions on the development of these MXene-based materials for electrochemical sodium-ion storage are presented.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/advs.202003185

MXene-Based Materials for Electrochemical Sodium-Ion Storage.

Although carbon-based single-atom catalysts (SACs), especially Fe–N–C, have been demonstrated as highly promising electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media, their application remains a great challenge in acidic proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Here, by performing high throughput first-principles calculations for 3d, 4d and 5d transition-metal single atoms immobilized on two-dimensional (2D) titanium carbide (Ti2CT and Ti3C2T) surfaces as active sites, we rationally design SACs towards a highly efficient ORR and further propose a composition descriptor to provide atomic-level insights into the structure–activity relationship. Significantly, the parameters involved in the present descriptor can be conveniently obtained from the periodic table of elements. More importantly, we found that the Ti2CO2-supported non-noble Cu SACs exhibit excellent ORR activity with much lower overpotential (0.25 V) than that of Pt/C (0.4 V), high selectivity for 4e oxygen reduction, excellent stability and acid-resistance and are quite promising ORR catalysts for PEMFCs. The present method can be extended to other 2D transition-metal carbides, i.e., MXenes.

Cu single atoms on Ti2CO2 as a highly efficient oxygen reduction catalyst in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Flexible batteries play a more and more important role with the increasing demands of wearable electronics and soft robots, while searching for electrode materials with high stretchability remains a great challenge. In this work, we report that the heterostructures composed of MoS2 and Ti2CT2 (T = F, O) monolayers are competitive and promising candidates as flexible anode materials for Li/Na ion batteries through first-principles calculations. Compared with the related single-layer components, MoS2/Ti2CT2 heterostructures show more negative Li/Na adsorption energies and enhanced electrical conductivities. The theoretical capacities (over 430 mAh/g) are higher than that of the commercial anode material graphite, and the diffusion barriers are as low as 0.57 eV for Li and 0.37 eV for Na. Furthermore, MoS2/Ti2CT2 heterostructures can sustain large ultimate tensile strains (>20%) and exhibit excellent mechanical flexibility.

MoS2/Ti2CT2 (T = F, O) Heterostructures as Promising Flexible Anodes for Lithium/Sodium Ion Batteries

Mechanical and transport properties of BixSb2-xTe3 single quintuple layers

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MoS2/Ti2CT2 (T = F, O) Heterostructures as Promising Flexible Anodes for Lithium/Sodium Ion Batteries

Mechanical and transport properties of BixSb2-xTe3 single quintuple layers