A review of lithium extraction from natural resources

The growing demand for high energy and power density in lithium-ion batteries mandates the utilization of cathode material with improved capacity and output voltage. Among various cathode materials, spinel structured lithium manganese oxide stands out for its acceptable energy density, high working voltage, excellent safety, and cost-effectiveness. Extending the upper cut-off voltage of cathode materials is realized to be a convenient way of increasing the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, as charging to a higher voltage (>4.3 V vs Li/Li+), several derogatory issues such as surface distortions, the interfacial reaction between cathode and electrolyte, and stress-induced cracking could emerge, leading to a rapid decline in capacity and cycle life. This review summarizes the failure mechanism of LiMn2O4, focusing on high voltage stability. Additionally, various modification strategies, such as doping and surface coating, are proposed to acquire high-voltage LiMn2O4. We also discuss prominent modification approaches for structural or electrolytes, such as concentration-gradient design, electrolyte additives, and solid-state electrolytes. 

Review of spinel LiMn2O4 cathode materials under high cut-off voltage in lithium-ion batteries: Challenges and strategies

The disposal of steel slag in landfills not only squanders precious landfill resources but also results in significant environmental contamination. Steel slag can be used to replace cement and natural aggregates in concrete. Nonetheless, utilizing untreated steel slag directly presents a substantial hazard to the structural characteristics and durability of concrete. To avoid this problem, study on accelerated carbonation of steel slag as construction materials has been extensively conducted. This review paper begins by introducing the classification and physicochemical properties of steel slag; it then describes the typical approaches of steel slag carbonation, including direct carbonation (dry carbonation, wet carbonation) and indirect carbonation (pH-swing, microbial carbonation), along with their processes and carbonation mechanisms. Furthermore, based on the reviewed literature, the influences of various reaction parameters such as reaction time, liquid-to-solid ratio, temperature, additives, CO2 concentration, pressure, pH on carbonation effectiveness are analyzed. Also, the impact of carbonated steel slag on the micro-pore structure, stability, workability, and mechanical properties of concrete is discussed. Finally, the challenges and future work of using carbonated steel slag as construction materials are provided. 

Accelerated carbonation of steel slag: A review of methods, mechanisms and influencing factors

Iron-based Prussian blue coupled with polydopamine film for advanced sodium-ion batteries

Spinel Li4Mn5O12 was successfully prepared by the wet chemical method to modify the surface of Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2. The results showed that an ultrathin spinel Li4Mn5O12 surface-modified layer with a thickness of approximately 10 nm was successfully constructed on the raw material surface, and that the cationic order was improved. In addition, the lithium ion diffusion coefficients (DLi+) of the raw materials and the modified materials were calculated using the EIS test and impedance fitting. The results indicated that the ultrathin Li4Mn5O12 surface modification shell can increase the lithium ion diffusion rate of the material and improve the rate capability of the material. So, the surface modification layer of spinel Li4Mn5O12 can reduce the oxygen loss of the first cycle and improve the cationic order of the material. Therefore, the first coulombic efficiency of Li4Mn5O12/Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 material at the current density of 12.5 mA·g−1 reaches 80.46%, and the capacity retention rate reaches 91.74% after 50 cycles, which are 3.36% and 21.23% higher than those of the raw materials, respectively. It showed better electrochemical reversibility and cyclic stability. This study provides a straightforward and convenient modification method for improving the stability of cobalt-free lithium-rich manganese cathode materials and has a favorable application prospect. 

/pdf/building-ultrathin-li4mn5o12-shell-for-enhancing-the-2vligrvn.pdf

Building Ultrathin Li4Mn5O12 Shell for Enhancing the Stability of Cobalt-Free Lithium-Rich Manganese Cathode Materials

Stabilized cobalt-free lithium-rich cathode materials with an artificial lithium fluoride coating

Performance analysis of coagulation hardening effect of geopolymer prepared from high calcium-based ladle furnace slag

Correlation of Folic Acid Metabolism Gene Polymorphism with Maternal Delivery Outcomes and Neonatal Congenital Diseases During Pregnancy

Objective To explore the obstacles in palliative care consultation services and put forward the suggestions for improving the services in grade A tertiary hospitals. Methods A semi-structured interview was conducted with 17 medical workers who had requested palliative care consultation services in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Results The palliative care consultation services were hindered by five obstacle factors including insufficient knowledge of patients and their families about palliative care,unsound understanding of medical workers about palliative care,poor implementation of consultation opinions,limited labor of palliative care team,and poor economic benefits from palliative care.In view of such obstacles,the following suggestions were put forward,which included increasing the acceptance of palliative care by patients and their families,enriching the knowledge of medical staff on palliative care,establishing a new cooperation model between consultation team and medical staff,strengthening the institutional guarantee for the development of palliative care,and establishing and perfecting the laws and policies related to palliative care. Conclusion Although there are many difficulties in the in-hospital palliative care consultation services in grade A tertiary hospitals,the demand and expectation of medical staff for palliative care are still increasing.

[Obstacles in the Practice of Palliative Care Consultation Services in Grade A Tertiary Hospitals].

OBJECTIVE
To assess the application value of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) based on cell-free fetal DNA.


METHODS
The results of 2777 cases of basic and extended NIPT were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical data and outcome of pregnancy were analyzed, in addition with the diagnosis rate and testing efficiency.


RESULTS
Among the 2777 pregnant women, 1192 (42.9%) had accepted basic NIPT and 1585 (57.1%) accepted extended NIPT. With a failure rate of 0.1%, 8 and 6 cases were reported respectively as high-risk pregnancies for trisomy 21 and sex chromosomal abnormalities. Other genetic abnormalities were detected in 32 cases. The positive predictive value for trisomy 21 was 85.7%, and one case of 47,XXX was diagnosed among 3 women with high risks for sex chromosomal abnormalities. For those with a high risk for other genetic abnormalities, pregnant diagnosis rates of basic and extended NIPT were 71.4% (5/7) and 68.2% (15/22), respectively. Seven copy number variations (CNVs) were confirmed, including one pathogenic CNV, one likely pathogenic CNV and 5 variants of unknown significance. Among 6 cases with high-risk of maternal CNVs, 5 fetuses and the mothers were confirmed to be carriers. No CNV was detected in the remainder fetus by chromosomal microarray analysis, while its mother was a carrier of the corresponding CNV.


CONCLUSION
NIPT has shown a relatively high positive predictive value for the screening of trisomy 21 and maternal CNVs but with a limited efficiency for the discovery of fetal CNVs. For other genetic abnormalities signaled by NIPT, informed choice by the pregnant women during pre-testing consultation is recommended. Invasive prenatal diagnosis should be considered in the combination of NIPT reports and fetal ultrasound, while the residual risks should be fully informed.

[Practice of clinical application of noninvasive prenatal testing based on cell-free fetal DNA].

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