Bacteria belonging to Rhodococcus genus represent ideal candidates for microbial biotechnology applications because of their metabolic versatility, ability to degrade a wide range of organic compounds, and resistance to various stress conditions, such as metal toxicity, desiccation, and high concentration of organic solvents. Rhodococcus spp. strains have also peculiar biosynthetic activities that contribute to their strong persistence in harsh and contaminated environments and provide them a competitive advantage over other microorganisms. This review is focused on the metabolic features of Rhodococcus genus and their potential use in biotechnology strategies for the production of compounds with environmental, industrial, and medical relevance such as biosurfactants, bioflocculants, carotenoids, triacylglycerols, polyhydroxyalkanoate, siderophores, antimicrobials, and metal-based nanostructures. These biosynthetic capacities can also be exploited to obtain high value-added products from low-cost substrates (industrial wastes and contaminants), offering the possibility to efficiently recover valuable resources and providing possible waste disposal solutions. Rhodococcus spp. strains have also recently been pointed out as a source of novel bioactive molecules highlighting the need to extend the knowledge on biosynthetic capacities of members of this genus and their potential utilization in the framework of bioeconomy. KEY POINTS: • Rhodococcus possesses promising biosynthetic and bioconversion capacities. • Rhodococcus bioconversion capacities can provide waste disposal solutions. • Rhodococcus bioproducts have environmental, industrial, and medical relevance. Graphical abstract.

/pdf/biotechnology-of-rhodococcus-for-the-production-of-valuable-igpb083ftd.pdf

Biotechnology of Rhodococcus for the production of valuable compounds

The positive effects of dietary inositol on juvenile hybrid grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatu) fed high-lipid diets: Growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immunity.

A good bioflocculant-producing bacteria (BPB) was isolated from water sample collected from river sediment. This BPB was identified as Bacillus velezensis isolate JB7 based on 16S rDNA gene sequence and demonstrated maximum flocculating activity of 92.3% toward kaolin suspension compared to other 34 isolates. This isolate JB7 had a circular shape with an undulate colony edge, a smooth surface and creamy colour and it showed catalase-positive and oxidase-positive for biochemical characteristic. Scanning electron microscopy revealed morphological surface of isolated JB7 was rod-shaped structures. Energy dispersion X-ray indicated isolate JB7 contained higher contents of C (50.3 wt%) and O (29 wt%), lower levels of P (12.1 wt%) and Na (8.6 wt%). The effective BPB obtained from this study might play a significant role in increasing the flocculation performance and would be an alternative to the use of chemical flocculants for water and wastewater treatment. 

Properties of bioflocculant-producing bacteria for high flocculating activity efficiency

The low microbial flocculant yields and efficiencies limit their industrial applications. There is a need to identify bacteria with high bioflocculant production. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify a bioflocculant-producing bacterium from activated sludge wastewater and characterise its bioflocculant activity. The identification of the isolated bacterium was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The optimal medium composition (carbon and nitrogen sources, cations and inoculum size) and culture conditions (temperature, pH, shaking speed and time) were evaluated by the one-factor-at-a-time method. The morphology, functional groups, crystallinity and pyrolysis profile of the bioflocculant were analysed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. The bacterium was identified as Proteus mirabilis AB 932526.1. Its optimal medium and culture conditions were: sucrose (20 g/L), yeast extract (1.2 g/L), MnCl2 (1 g/L), pH 6, 30 °C, inoculation volume (3%), shaking speed (120 rpm) for 72 h of cultivation. SEM micrograph revealed the bioflocculant to be amorphous. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups. The bioflocculant was completely pyrolyzed at temperatures above 800 °C. The bacterium has potential to produce bioflocculant of industrial importance.

Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Bioflocculant-Producing Bacteria from Activated Sludge of Vulindlela Wastewater Treatment Plant

The biofloc technology (BFT) system has been widely applied in the shrimp and fish culture industry for its advantages in water-saving, growth improvement, and water quality purification. However, The BFT system usually takes a long time to establish, and the extra carbon source input increases the maintenance cost of the system. In this study, we aimed to develop a low-cost and high-efficient BFT system for Litopenaeus vannamei by applying bacteria that could promote the formation of BFT and utilize cheap carbon sources. Three bioflocculant-producing bacteria strains (M13, M15, and M17) have been screened from a cellulolytic strain collection. All three strains have been identified as Bacillus spp. and can use sugarcane bagasse (SB) as a carbon source, which is a cheap byproduct of the sucrose industry in the tropic area of China. Compared to sucrose, the addition of SB and the three strains could improve the biofloc formation rate, biofloc size distribution, ammonia removal rate, and the growth performance of the shrimps. These results suggest that the bioflocculant and cellulase-producing bacteria strains could promote the biofloc formation and the growth of shrimps by using SB as an economic substitute carbon source in the BFT shrimp culture system.

/pdf/screening-of-bioflocculant-and-cellulase-producing-bacteria-3aut4y55.pdf

Screening of bioflocculant and cellulase-producing bacteria strains for biofloc culture systems with fiber-rich carbon source

Screening of a high bioflocculant‐producing bacterial strain from an intensive fish pond and comparison of the bioflocculation effects with Rhodococcus erythropolis

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jwas.12826

Effects of dietary fermentation products of kitchen waste on growth, apparent digestibility, digestive enzyme activities and serum biochemistry in juvenile allogynogenetic gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) var. CAS III

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Screening of a high bioflocculant‐producing bacterial strain from an intensive fish pond and comparison of the bioflocculation effects with Rhodococcus erythropolis

Effects of dietary fermentation products of kitchen waste on growth, apparent digestibility, digestive enzyme activities and serum biochemistry in juvenile allogynogenetic gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) var. CAS III