Identifying ecological security patterns based on the supply, demand and sensitivity of ecosystem service: A case study in the Yellow River Basin, China.

The Longest 2020 Meiyu Season Over the Past 60 Years: Subseasonal Perspective and Its Predictions

As a discipline, the science of natural hazards and disaster risk aims to explain the spatial-temporal pattern, process and mechanism, emergency response and risk mitigation of natural hazards, which requires a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach. With the support of Natural Science Finance of China (NSFC) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), in-depth research and systematic analysis on natural hazards and disaster risk were conducted. In this paper, the state of the art in research on natural hazards is summarized from seven aspects: formation process, mechanism and dynamic of natural hazards, disaster risk assessment, forecast, monitoring and early warning, disaster mitigation, emergency treatment and rescue, risk management and post-disaster reconstruction. The trends within the natural hazards and disaster risk as a discipline were identified, along with existing shortcomings and significant gaps that need to be addressed. This paper highlighted: 1) the scientific challenges including the frontier scientific issues and technological gaps on natural hazards and disaster risk discipline from 2025 to 2035 in China, and 2) the proposal to develop a systemic and holistic natural hazards and disaster risk discipline.

Scientific challenges of research on natural hazards and disaster risk

http://www.the-innovation.org/geoscience/main/bdueditor/asp/file/202306/TIG1-0619-Climate-Review-032.pdf

Climate change: Strategies for mitigation and adaptation

Drought is one of the most complex and least-understood environmental disasters that can trigger environmental, societal, and economic problems. To accurately assess the drought conditions in the Yellow River Basin, this study reconstructed the Land Surface Temperature (LST) using the Annual Temperature Cycle (ATC) model and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The Temperature Condition Index (TCI), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Vegetation Health Index (VHI), and Temperature-Vegetation Drought Index (TVDI), which are four typical remote sensing drought indices, were calculated. Then, the air temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture data were used to evaluate the applicability of each drought index to different land types. Finally, this study characterized the spatial and temporal patterns of drought in the Yellow River Basin from 2003 to 2019. The results show that: (1) Using the LST reconstructed by the ATC model to calculate the drought index can effectively improve the accuracy of drought monitoring. In most areas, the reconstructed TCI, VHI, and TVDI are more reliable for monitoring drought conditions than the unreconstructed VCI. (2) The four drought indices (TCI, VCI, VH, TVDI) represent the same temporal and spatial patterns throughout the study area. However, in some small areas, the temporal and spatial patterns represented by different drought indices are different. (3) In the Yellow River Basin, the drought level is highest in the northwest and lowest in the southwest and southeast. The dry conditions in the Yellow River Basin were stable from 2003 to 2019. The results in this paper provide a basis for better understanding and evaluating the drought conditions in the Yellow River Basin and can guide water resources management, agricultural production, and ecological protection of this area.

Drought Monitoring over Yellow River Basin from 2003–2019 Using Reconstructed MODIS Land Surface Temperature in Google Earth Engine

Ke Wei,1,7 Chaojun Ouyang,2,6,7,* Hongtao Duan,3,4,6 Yunliang Li,3,6 Mingxing Chen,5,6 Jiao Ma,1,6 Huicong An,2,6 and Shu Zhou2,6 1Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 2Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China 3Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China 4College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China 5Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 6University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China These authors contributed equally *Correspondence: cjouyang@imde.ac.cn https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2020.100038 a 2020 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Reflections on the Catastrophic 2020 Yangtze River Basin Flooding in Southern China.

Among all rainfall events, heavy rainfall that affects large areas and persists for days can cause serious flooding, severe casualties, and substantial economic losses. In this study, we identify the extreme precipitation events that affect a large area and have persistence of more than three days (LPEPEs) in China during 1961–2013. The LPEPEs incline to occur in summer and over southern China, coinciding well with the rainy season in China. The movement of LPEPEs is dominated by the tendency to extend southward, especially for the LPEPEs during the Mei-yu period (LPEPEs-M). The dynamical composite analyses on the southward-moving LPEPEs-M show that the southward extension is generated by the combined effect of the large-scale circulation configuration and the diabatic heating caused by large-scale condensation. The latent heating results in a cyclonic anomaly from the middle to the lower levels. Therefore, westerly and easterly anomalies are produced to the south and north of the heating center, respectively. The two anomalies manipulate the vertical distribution of zonal winds which is dominated by the large-scale circulation to both sides of the rainband. This kind of anomaly configuration, together with the quasi east–west zonal distribution of diabatic heating, creates a pattern with positive and negative PV tendency to the south and north of the heating center, leading to LPEPE system development to the south of the precipitation center. Therefore, the LPEPE rainband has a preference to move southward over the Yangtze River Valley during the Mei-yu period. We also test the dynamical mechanism with a numerical sensitivity experiment using the WRF model. In the experiment without latent heating feedback, the Mei-yu rainband moves northward and extends to central and North China. While in the experiment with the latent heating feedback, the rainband intensifies and extends southward. The southward extension preferences of the LPEPE can provide an internal dynamical of the stagnation of East Asian summer evolution. 

/pdf/the-southward-movement-preference-of-large-scale-persistent-1aif4wse.pdf

The southward movement preference of large-scale persistent extreme precipitation events over the Yangtze River Valley during Mei-yu period

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Reflections on the Catastrophic 2020 Yangtze River Basin Flooding in Southern China.

The southward movement preference of large-scale persistent extreme precipitation events over the Yangtze River Valley during Mei-yu period