In the last two decades, developments in the area of biomineralization has yielded promising results making it a potentially environmentally friendly technique for a wide range of applications in engineering and wastewater/heavy metal remediation. Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) has led to numerous patented applications ranging from novel strains and nutrient sources for the precipitation of biominerals. Studies are being constantly published to optimize the process to become a promising, cost effective, ecofriendly approach when compared with the existing traditional remediation technologies which are implemented to solve multiple contamination/pollution issues. Heavy metal pollution still poses a major threat towards compromising the ecosystem. The removal of heavy metals is of high importance due to their recalcitrance and persistence in the environment. In that perspective, this paper reviews the current and most significant discoveries and applications of MICP towards the conversion of heavy metals into heavy metal carbonates and removal of calcium from contaminated media such as polluted water. It is evident from the literature survey that although heavy metal carbonate research is very effective in removal, is still in its early stages but could serve as a solution if the microorganisms are stimulated directly in the heavy metal environment.

MICP as a potential sustainable technique to treat or entrap contaminants in the natural environment: A review

Constructing a three-dimensional creep model for rocks and soils based on memory-dependent derivatives: A theoretical and experimental study

Remediation of lead and cadmium co-contaminated mining soil by phosphate-functionalized biochar: Performance, mechanism, and microbial response.

Acid rain is often formed in southwestern China. Red-bed landslides often occur and cause major social and economic losses. The shear-slip process of red-bed landslides is affected by the creep characteristics of the weak interlayers in the rock mass. Samples of red-bed soft rock with weak interlayers of mudstone in Lufeng County of the Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project were tested in shear-creep tests in an acid environment. Combining with the functional relationship between the viscoelastic modulus and the acidic environment change, a stress-acidity-strain–time model is established based on the Burgers model. The results show that the long-term strength of the red-bed soft-rock weak interlayer in a mudstone gradually decreases with the increase of acidity. The viscoelastic modulus is linearly related to acidity. Compared with the traditional Burgers model, the improved Burgers model taking into account the effect of the acidic environment provides improved accuracy in describing the shear-creep behavior of the red-bed soft-rock weak interlayers.

The shear-creep behavior of the weak interlayer mudstone in a red-bed soft rock in acidic environments and its modeling with an improved Burgers model

Combined amendment and capping of sediment with ferrihydrite and magnetite to control internal phosphorus release.

The creep model is the main form used to describe the creep behavior of weakly cemented soft rock (WCSR). To investigate the creep behavior of weakly cemented soft rock, multi-stage loading creep tests were performed by using GDS HPTAS creep triaxial apparatus. The creep curves, creep rates, and creep failure modes of weakly cemented soft rock under different water contents were obtained. A novel four-element fractional-order creep model to describe the three-stage creep behavior of weakly cemented soft rock was proposed using the Abel dashpot basing on the creep test results and fractional calculus theory. The formula of this model was developed according to the H-Fox special function. The trust-region method was used to obtain the model parameters, and the parameters were optimized using the ant colony optimization approach. The creep curves of weakly cemented soft rock under different water contents were calculated and compared with the experimental results, verifying the superiority of the four-element fractional-order creep model in describing the creep characteristics of weakly cemented soft rock. The calculated results were also in good agreement with the experimental results, which confirms that the four-element fractional order creep model can accurately reflect the complete creep behavior of weakly cemented soft rock.

A four-element fractional creep model of weakly cemented soft rock

Synergistic effects of Cd-loving Bacillus sp. N3 and iron oxides on immobilizing Cd and reducing wheat uptake of Cd.

To investigate the drainage boundary influence on the strength characteristics of saturated clay, triaxial tests of saturated clay under undrainage, partial drainage, and complete drainage conditions are performed by using the GDS-DYNTTS apparatus. The partial drainage tests are conducted by controlling the strain increment ratio of the volume strain to axial strain as a constant value. The drainage boundary effects on the mechanical properties of the saturated clay are investigated considering the pore water pressure, effective stress path, and asymptotic behavior of the effective spherical stress-effective deviator stress plane. The asymptotic state constitutive equations are established by incorporating the strain increment ratio into the stress path constitutive model according to the asymptotic state and dilatancy characteristics of the saturated clay. The rationality of the model is verified by comparison with experimental results for the pore pressure and effective stress path. The experimental data show that the strain increment ratio of the saturated clay ratio should be less than 0.3. The drainage conditions affect the dilatancy of the normal consolidated clay, effective stress path, and shear strength of the clay. An increase in the strain increment ratio corresponds to a decrease in the pore water pressure and the effective stress ratio of the saturated low liquid-limit clay. The saturated clay specimen remains in a critical state for a long period of time when the axial strain of the specimen reaches 3%, and changes in the drainage condition can inhibit or accelerate soil failure.

Asymptotic state model of saturated low liquid-limit clay under partial drainage condition

The utility model discloses a roof seepage test device under dynamic load influence and belongs to the technical field of mining engineering. The roof seepage test device under the influence of the dynamic load comprises an experiment tank body, an axial pressure system, a confining pressure system, a large seepage system, a dynamic load system, an external frame and a control system, and the control system comprises a confining pressure controller, an axial pressure controller, a large seepage controller, a dynamic load controller and a data collector. The roof seepage test device under the influence of the dynamic load can simultaneously acquire data of a roof sample when axial pressure, confining pressure, the dynamic load and large seepage water supply are applied.

Roof seepage test device under dynamic load influence

The invention discloses a roof seepage test device and method under dynamic load influence, and belongs to the technical field of the mining engineering. The roof seepage test device under dynamic load influence comprises an experimental tank body, an axial load system, a confining pressure system, a large seepage system, a dynamic load system, an external frame and a control system; the control system comprises a confining pressure controller, an axial load controller, a large seepage controller, a dynamic load controller and a data collector; the roof seepage test method under dynamic load influence comprises the following steps: step one, adhering a strain gauge and burying a vibration sensor at a sidewall of a roof sample; step two, mounting the roof sample; step three, preparing before applying confining pressure; step four, saturating water and exhausting before large seepage test; step five, beginning test and collecting data; step six, resetting and releasing the pressure; andstep seven, dismounting the roof sample. Through the roof seepage test device and method under the dynamic load influence, the data of the roof sample in the processes of applying the axial load, theconfining pressure, the dynamic load and the large seepage water supply can be collected at the same time.

Roof seepage test device and method under dynamic load influence

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