Effects of novel variants in BMP15 gene on litter size in Mongolia and Ujimqin sheep breeds.

Simple Summary BMPRIB, GDF9, BMP15, LEPR, and B4GALNT2 genes were regarded as leading candidates for reproductive traits in sheep. Our recent studies identified 13 novel mutations associated with litter size in the Mongolia sheep breed in these 5 genes. In this study, we performed an association analysis of the 13 new mutations and 7 known ovine prolificacy-related mutations with litter size in Ujimqin, the F1 population of Dorper × Ujimqin crossbred, and the F1 population of Suffolk × Ujimqin crossbred. The results suggested that BMPR1B c.746A>G (FecB), GDF9 c.994A>G (FecGA), and BMP15 c.31_33CTTinsdel (B1) may be potentially effective genetic markers to improve the litter size in sheep. Abstract Prolificacy is a crucial characteristic of livestock, particularly for species such as sheep that have many births. The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to investigate the genetic diversity of the 13 new and 7 known variants in the BMPRIB, GDF9, BMP15, LEPR, and B4GALNT2 genes in Ujimqin (UM), the F1 population of Dorper × Ujimqin crossbred (DPU), the F1 population of Suffolk × Ujimqin crossbred (SFKU), Sonid sheep (SN), Tan sheep (Tan), Hu sheep (Hu), and Small-tailed Han sheep (STH) sheep breeds/populations; (2) to perform an association analysis of the above 20 variants with litter size in 325 UM, 304 DPU, and 66 SFKU sheep populations; (3) to compare the frequencies of the litter-size-related alleles of these 20 variants among 8 sheep breeds/populations (the above seven sheep breeds + Mongolia sheep breed). With the use of the Sequenom MassARRAY®SNP assay technology, these 20 mutations were genotyped. The association analysis results showed that the c.746A>G (FecB) mutation in BMPR1B was significantly associated with the litter size of UM and DPU, the c.994A>G (FecGA) in GDF9 was significantly associated with the litter size of SFKU, and the c.31_33CTTinsdel (B1) in BMP15 was significantly associated with the litter size of UM. Our findings might provide valuable genetic markers for expanding sheep litter sizes.

https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/4/258/pdf?version=1680067836

Effects of New Mutations in BMPRIB, GDF9, BMP15, LEPR, and B4GALNT2 Genes on Litter Size in Sheep

The leptin receptor (LEPR) gene is a member of the class I cytokine receptor family, which plays an important role in weight regulation, fat accumulation and neuroendocrine function in animals. This study aimed to explore the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the LEPR gene with growth and carcass traits in meat-type quail by PCR amplification and DNA direct sequencing. In this study, genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of 36 female Savimalt (SV) quails and 49 female French Giant (FG) quails. Growth traits (measured at 3 or 5 wk) and carcass traits (measured at 5 wk) were used for LEPR gene association analysis. The results showed the existence of nine SNPs (T81C, G90T, C187A, A191G, A219G, G258A, C286T, G346A, and G373A) of the LEPR gene in the two quail strains. The statistical analyses indicated that these SNPs of LEPR gene was significantly associated with shank circumference (SC), shank length (SL), breastbone length (BBL), heart rate (HR), and whole net carcass rate (WNCR) of FG (P < 0.05); chest width (CW), body length (BL), leg muscle rate (LMR), whole net carcass rate (WNCR), and heart rate (HR) of SV (P < 0.05). While haplotypes showed significant effect on SL, BBL, heart weight (HW), WNCR, and HR of FG (P < 0.05). Therefore, the LEPR gene may serve as a molecular genetic marker for improving growth and carcass traits in quails. 

Research Note: Association of LEPR gene polymorphism with growth and carcass traits in Savimalt and French Giant meat-type quails

This study aimed to examine the polymorphism of the BMP15 (FecX$^{G}$ and FecX$^{I}$) and GDF9 (G1 and G4) genes and the association between genotypes and litter size in the Akkaraman breed. Blood samples were taken from 100 ewes in total. Genomic DNA was obtained from whole blood. The PCR-RFLP technique was employed to determine the polymorphisms of the genes under investigation. The G1 was the only polymorphic among the four loci analyzed. The frequencies for the GA and GG genotypes were 0.26 and 0.74, respectively, while the A and G allele frequencies were 0.13 and 0.87, respectively. The observed and expected heterozygosity values were 0.260 and 0.227, respectively. According to chi-square analysis, the tested Akkaraman population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05). The association analyses showed that the genotypic structure did not significantly affect litter size in the Akkaraman ewes (p > 0.05). However, ewes with one copy of the G1 mutation produced 0.13 more lambs than those without the mutation (p > 0.05), suggesting that heterozygous ewes have a proclivity to increase litter size, as evidenced by previous studies. 

/pdf/investigation-of-bmp15-and-gdf9-gene-polymorphisms-and-their-2kyv6my2.pdf

Investigation of BMP15 and GDF9 gene polymorphisms and their effects on litter size in Anatolian sheep breed Akkaraman

Previously, NCAPG was identified as a candidate gene associated with sheep growth traits. This study aimed to investigate the direct role of NCAPG in regulating myogenesis in embryonic myoblast cells and to investigate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in its promoter region and sheep growth traits. The function of NCAPG in myoblast proliferation and differentiation was detected after small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) knocked down the expression of NCAPG. Cell proliferation was detected using CCK-8 assay, EdU proliferation assay, and flow cytometry cell cycle analysis. Cell differentiation was detected via cell immunofluorescence and the quantification of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). SNPs in the promoter region were detected using Sanger sequencing and genotyped using the improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR®) technique. As a result, a notable decrease (p < 0.01) in the percentage of EdU-positive cells in the siRNA-694-treated group was observed. A significant decrease (p < 0.01) in cell viability after treatment with siRNA-694 for 48 h and 72 h was detected using the CCK-8 method. The quantity of S-phase cells in the siRNA-694 treatment group was significantly decreased (p < 0.01). After interfering with NCAPG in myoblasts during induced differentiation, the relative expression levels of MRFs were markedly (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) reduced compared with the control group on days 5–7. The myoblast differentiation in the siRNA-694 treatment group was obviously suppressed compared with the control group. SNP1, SNP2, SNP3, and SNP4 were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with all traits except body weight measured at birth and one month of age. SNP5 was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with body weight, body height, and body length in six-month-old sheep. In conclusion, interfering with NCAPG can inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of ovine embryonic myoblasts. SNPs in its promoter region can serve as potential useful markers for selecting sheep growth traits.

NCAPG Regulates Myogenesis in Sheep, and SNPs Located in Its Putative Promoter Region Are Associated with Growth and Development Traits

Context L-citrulline (L-Cit) does not degrade in the rumen and has the ability to form peptide bonds in the body; however, it does not participate in protein synthesis.   Aims This study aimed to evaluate the effects of L-Cit on the reproductive performance of Hu ewes.   Methods In total, 30 ewes were randomly categorised into five groups. The control group was fed with a basic diet, whereas the Experimental Groups I, II, III, and IV were provided feed supplemented with 5, 10, 15, and 20g/day of L-Cit respectively. Blood samples of ewes were collected 4h after feeding on Day 21 of the experiment and before feeding on Day 30. The optimal supplementary feeding dose was selected on the basis of blood biochemical indexes. Overall, ninety 2-year-old ewes were classified into two groups. The control group was fed with a basic diet and the experimental group was fed with a diet supplemented with 10g/day of L-Cit. After 30days of supplementary feeding, reproductive performance of ewes was determined.   Key results The plasma concentrations of Cit, ornithine, and arginine in ewes increased linearly with an increase in the level of L-Cit supplementation. The plasma concentrations of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, luteinising hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone in the experimental group increased significantly compared with those in the control group. The plasma total antioxidant capacity and catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, whereas the concentrations of malondialdehyde in all experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. The conception, lambing, and double lambing rates of the experimental group were increased by 28.76%, 15.90%, and 40.21% respectively.   Conclusions Supplementation with different doses of L-Cit can improve the concentrations of some plasma amino acids and reproductive hormones as well as antioxidant capacity of ewes. Supplementary feeding with 10g/day of L-Cit could increase the lambing and double lambing rates of ewes.   Implication L-Cit can improve the reproductive performance of ewes.

Effects of supplementation with different concentrations of L-citrulline on the plasma amino acid concentration, reproductive hormone concentrations, antioxidant capacity, and reproductive performance of Hu ewes

Association analysis between novel variants in LEPR gene and litter size in Mongolia and ujimqin sheep breeds.

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Papers

Effects of novel variants in BMP15 gene on litter size in Mongolia and Ujimqin sheep breeds.

Effects of New Mutations in BMPRIB, GDF9, BMP15, LEPR, and B4GALNT2 Genes on Litter Size in Sheep

Effects of supplementation with different concentrations of L-citrulline on the plasma amino acid concentration, reproductive hormone concentrations, antioxidant capacity, and reproductive performance of Hu ewes

Association analysis between novel variants in LEPR gene and litter size in Mongolia and ujimqin sheep breeds.