다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Selective catalytic reduction with NH3 (NH3-SCR) is the most efficient technology to reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from coal-fired industries, diesel engines, etc. Although V2O5-WO3(MoO3)/TiO2 and CHA structured zeolite catalysts have been utilized in commercial applications, the increasing requirements for broad working temperature window, strong SO2/alkali/heavy metal-resistance, and high hydrothermal stability have stimulated the development of new-type NH3-SCR catalysts. This review summarizes the latest SCR reaction mechanisms and emerging poison-resistant mechanisms in the beginning and subsequently gives a comprehensive overview of newly developed SCR catalysts, including metal oxide catalysts ranging from VOx, MnOx, CeO2, and Fe2O3 to CuO based catalysts; acidic compound catalysts containing vanadate, phosphate and sulfate catalysts; ion exchanged zeolite catalysts such as Fe, Cu, Mn, etc. exchanged zeolite catalysts; monolith catalysts including extruded, washcoated, and metal-mesh/foam-based monolith catalysts. The challenges and opportunities for each type of catalysts are proposed while the effective strategies are summarized for enhancing the acidity/redox circle and poison-resistance through modification, creating novel nanostructures, exposing specific crystalline planes, constructing protective/sacrificial sites, etc. Some suggestions are given about future research directions that efforts should be made in. Hopefully, this review can bridge the gap between newly developed catalysts and practical requirements to realize their commercial applications in the near future.

Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3 by Using Novel Catalysts: State of the Art and Future Prospects.

Formation of hierarchical Bi2MoO6/ln2S3 S-scheme heterojunction with rich oxygen vacancies for boosting photocatalytic CO2 reduction

Low temperature high activity of M (M = Ce, Fe, Co, Ni) doped M-Mn/TiO2 catalysts for NH3-SCR and in situ DRIFTS for investigating the reaction mechanism

Extensive research has been conducted on controlling carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur oxides (SOx), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions in recent years with increasing environmental awareness. The primary contributor to climate change is the exponentially growing anthropogenic CO2, NOx, and SOx in the air from various energy and industrial sectors. Hence, several pre-combustion and post-combustion processes to mitigate these gases have been introduced and implemented. Despite the benefits of CO2, SOx, and NOx abatement technologies, researchers still have major challenges to deal with. While the removal efficiencies, operational costs, and resulting byproducts of conventional removal technologies are being improved, new technologies are also emerging. As it is evident from the current abundant reserves of coal that it will continue to be in a significant position among the principal sources of energy for more than a decade, the research for the reduction of CO2, NOx, and SOx is inevitable to save future generations from the harmful impacts of these pollutants. This review paper summarizes the progress of different emission control technologies at the plant level and introduces emerging technologies that are environment friendly.

Review on the progress in emission control technologies for the abatement of CO2, SOx and NOx from fuel combustion

V2O5-modified Mn-Ce/AC catalyst with high SO2 tolerance for low-temperature NH3-SCR of NO

K+ deactivation of V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst during selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3: Effect of vanadium content

Transverse corner cracks have been frequently observed and are extremely difficult to prevent in some microalloyed steels produced on some vertical bending type continuous slab casters. The cracks are usually found on the fixed (outer) side corner of the slabs through inspection of the acid pickled surface and macroscopic examination. In the present study, the slab surface microstructure was investigated, and the results show that the causes of the crack formation are chain-like precipitations and film-like proeutectoid ferrite in the austenite grain boundaries when the slabs are bent. Initially, when the temperature of the slabs dropped after solidification, the Nb, V or Ti carbides and/or nitrides precipitated in chain-like way, then pinned onto the austenite grain boundaries. This process hindered grain boundary slippage and lowered the force on the grain boundaries. Second, due to the stress mismatch between the matrix and the fine precipitates during bending operations, the chain-like precipi...

Causes of transverse corner cracks in microalloyed steel in vertical bending continuous slab casters

Effect of Ce doping on the resistance of Na over V2O5-WO3/TiO2 SCR catalysts

A series of MnO2 (with different crystal types) doping CeO2 catalysts were synthesized by combining hydrothermal method and impregnation method, and the SCR activity and N2O formation of the catalysts were investigated. The results showed that NO conversion rate of CeO2 @ α-MnO2, CeO2 @ β-MnO2 and CeO2 @ γ-MnO2 catalysts from 75 to 250 °C was always more than 95%, which showed excellent low-temperature NH3-SCR activity. N2O amount produced by CeO2 @ α-MnO2, CeO2 @ β-MnO2 and CeO2 @ γ-MnO2 catalysts during denitrification all reduced at 75–125 °C comparing with pure MnO2, and the N2O in denitration process mainly came from SCR reaction, but not from direct oxidation of NH3. Besides, the reducibility and acidity of the complex oxides catalyst were improved, which was more beneficial to the reaction of adsorbed NH3 with NO, thus reducing the direct oxidation of adsorbed NH3 by O2 and inhibiting the formation of N2O. What’s more, the effect of Ce and different crystal types of MnO2 also influenced N2O generation behavior. Moreover, the SCR reaction of CeO2 @ α-MnO2 and CeO2 @ β-MnO2 catalysts mainly followed Eley-Rideal (E-R) mechanism, while CeO2 @ γ-MnO2 catalyst followed Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanism. 

Effect of MnO2 crystal types on CeO2@MnO2 oxides catalysts for low-temperature NH3-SCR

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