Zwitterionic ionic liquids (ZIL) contain covalently bound cationic and anionic moieties with potential electrochemical applications. In this study, we construct a self-adaptive electric double layer (EDL) on the interfaces of...

Engineering Self-adaptive Electric Double Layer on Both Electrodes for High-Performance Zinc Metal Batteries

The development and application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries still face some obstacles, such as dendrite growth and side reactions triggered by active water. Here, we constructed PVA@SR-ZnMoO4 multifunctional coating on...

Multifunctional SEI-like structure coating stabilizing Zn anode at large current and capacity

High-Donor Electrolyte Additive Enabling Stable Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZBs) show promises for large-scale energy storage. However, the zinc utilization rate (ZUR) is generally low due to side reactions in the aqueous electrolyte caused by the active water molecules. Here, we design a novel solvation structure in the electrolyte by introduction of sulfolane (SL). Theoretical calculations, molecular dynamics simulations and experimental tests show that SL remodels the primary solvation shell of Zn2+, which significantly reduces the side reactions of Zn anode and achieves high ZURs under large capacities. Specifically, the symmetric and asymmetric cells could achieve a maximum of 96% ZUR at an areal capacity of 24 mAh cm-2. In a ZUR of 67%, the developed Zn-V2O5 full cell can be stably cycled for 500 cycles with an energy density of 180 Wh kg-1 and Zn-AC capacitor is stable for 5000 cycles. This electrolyte structural engineering strategy provides new insight into achieving high ZURs of Zn anodes for high performance AZBs.

High-Capacity Zinc Anode with 96% Utilization Rate Enabled by Solvation Structure Design.

Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on Zn anodes plays a pivotal role for high‐rate and long‐life aqueous batteries, because it effectively inhibits side reactions and dendritic growth. Many materials are explored as SEIs by a trial‐and‐error approach. Herein, an exercisable way is proposed to screen the potential SEIs on Zn anodes in view of dendrite‐suppressing ability and charge‐transfer property theoretically. As an output of this screening, Zn3(BO3)2 (ZBO) is checked experimentally. In symmetrical cells, Zn@ZBO runs over 250 h at an ultrahigh current density of 50 mA cm−2 for a large areal capacity 10 mAh cm−2. In full cells, Zn@ZBO||MnO2 shows an impressive cumulative capacity (≈406 mAh cm−2) under harsh conditions, i.e., a lean electrolyte condition (10 µL mAh−1), limited Zn supply (negative/positive electrode capacity ratio, N/P ratio = 2.3), and high areal capacity (5.0 mAh cm−2). The significance of this work lies in not only the first report of ZBO on Zn showing excellent electrochemical performance, but also a feasible way to screen the promising SEI materials for other metal anodes.

Rational Screening of Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphases on Zn for Ultrahigh‐Rate and Long‐Life Aqueous Batteries

Rechargeable aqueous Zn metal batteries hold exciting promise for next-generation grid-scale energy storage owing to their virtues of low cost, high safety, and eco-benignity. However, the detrimental corrosion and dendrite...

Navigating fast and uniform zinc deposition via a versatile metal-organic complex interphase

B3LYP/6-31G(d) hybrid HF/DFT calculations were carried out to determine the structural and electronic properties of the endohedral complex of C60 with tetrahedrane C4H4. It was demonstrated that C4H4 was seated in the center of the C60 cage and existed in a molecular form inside the fullerene. The formation of this complex was endothermic with inclusion energy of 141.05 kcal/mol. C4H4 endohedral doping slightly perturbed the molecular orbitals of C60. The calculated HOMO-LUMO gaps, the electron affinity(EA) and the ionizational potential (IP) indicated that C4H4@C60 seemed to be more kinetically reactive than C60. The IR active modes and harmonic vibrational frequencies of C4H4@C60 were also discussed.

Endohedral complex of fullerene C60 with tetrahedrane, C4H4@C60.

70% of the earth’s surface is covered by water, but fresh water only accounts for 2.7% of total water in the world, and only 0.3% of freshwater can be directly used by humans (Zapata-Sierra et al., 2021). With the development of the world economy, population growth, and consumption of freshwater resources, the global per capita average of freshwater resources has dropped by half in the past 50 years, and the developed cities, island areas, and ships have more urgent demands for freshwater resources (Jones et al., 2019). It is predicted that three-quarters of the population in the world will suffer from freshwater shortages by 2050. In addition, the pollution of freshwater resources is more serious due to the impact of COVID-19, which has also accelerated research progress in the fields of freshwater protection and seawater desalination (Zhang et al., 2022). Desalination technology, which produces freshwater by removing salt and other mineral components from seawater, has become one of the most important solutions for water treatment and drinking water production in the world (Lin et al., 2021). At present, there are 19,000 existing desalination plants, which can produce more than 1 × 10 m/day of freshwater (Alrowais et al., 2022). Most desalination plants are located in countries with a shortage of freshwater resources but rich in energy, such as the United States and Gulf states. In addition, China and India have developed rapidly in the field of seawater desalination and carried out a great deal of seawater desalination research (Liu et al., 2019; Eke et al., 2020). An overview of the major desalination technologies in the world and the desalination technology based on ocean thermal energy is introduced in this paper, and the possible challenges and future development prospects of seawater desalination technology in the future application are discussed to provide a reference for the subsequent development of the seawater desalination industry (Rey and Lauro, 1981).

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2022.960537/pdf

Opportunities and Challenges of Seawater Desalination Technology

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Navigating fast and uniform zinc deposition via a versatile metal-organic complex interphase

Endohedral complex of fullerene C60 with tetrahedrane, C4H4@C60.

Opportunities and Challenges of Seawater Desalination Technology