Different from conventional materials, materials with negative Poisson's ratios expand laterally when stretched longitudinally. Known as ‘auxetic’ materials, the effect means they possess particularly fascinating properties, which have recently attracted considerable attention in the literature. A range of auxetic materials has been discovered, theoretically designed and fabricated. Developments in additive manufacturing (AM) techniques enable fabrication of materials with intricate cellular architectures. This paper outlines recent progress in the development of auxetic materials and structures, and their mechanical properties under quasi-static and dynamic loading are analysed and summarised. Limited experimental studies on 3D printed auxetic materials and structures are given more attention, ahead of extensively finite element (FE) simulations. A special focus is dedicated to their large, plastic deformation behaviour and energy absorption performance, which should be stressed in their engineering applications; no review paper has yet been found regarding this. Finally, this paper provides an overview of current study limitations, and some future research is envisaged in terms of auxetic materials and structures, nano-auxetics and additive manufacturing.

Large deformation and energy absorption of additively manufactured auxetic materials and structures: A review

Recently, auxetic cellular solids in the forms of honeycombs and carbon nanotube reinforced composite (CNTRC) have great potential in a diverse range of applications. This paper studies the nonlinear free and forced vibration of sandwich cylindrical panel on visco-Pasternak foundations in thermal environment subjected to blast load The sandwich cylindrical panel consists of auxetic honeycombs core layer and two CNTRC face sheets. The Poisson’ ratio of the auxetic core is negative and the material properties of CNTRC face sheets are assumed to continuously vary in the thickness direction according to four different types of linear functions. The blast load is determined from the distance of the center of blast to center of the structure and the mass of explosive materials. The fundamental equations are established based on Reddy’s higher order shear deformation shell theory taking into account the effect of initial imperfection and visco-Pasternak foundations. The Galerkin and Runge–Kutta methods are used to obtain the nonlinear dynamic response and the natural frequency of the sandwich cylindrical panel. The numerical results show the effect of geometrical parameters, visco foundations, initial imperfection, temperature increment, nanotube volume fraction and blast load on the nonlinear vibration characteristics of the sandwich cylindrical panel. The accuracy of present approach and theoretical results is verified by some comparisons with the known data in the literature.

Nonlinear forced vibration of sandwich cylindrical panel with negative Poisson’s ratio auxetic honeycombs core and CNTRC face sheets

Negative Poisson's ratio and effective Young's modulus of a vertex-based hierarchical re-entrant honeycomb structure

This manuscript has more than 150 papers as a reference about energy absorption of auxetic structures and shows how several authors have approached the subject and how research in this field has pr...

A review on the energy absorption response and structural applications of auxetic structures

Hierarchical re-entrant honeycomb metamaterial for energy absorption and vibration insulation

In order to improve the impact energy absorption abilities and maintain good crushing load uniformity of auxetic honeycombs, a re-entrant arc-shaped honeycomb (RAH) model is proposed according to the concept of bio-inspired structure design. The in-plane impact resistances and absorbed-energy characteristics of bio-inspired auxetic RAHs subjected to a constant velocity crushing are numerically studied by using ABAQUS/EXPLICIT. It is shown that due to the introduction of re-entrant arc-shaped structures, the dynamic response curves of bio-inspired RAHs have better crushing load uniformity than conventional re-entrant honeycombs. Except for the relative density and impact velocity, the dynamic crushing behaviors of bio-inspired RAHs also depend upon the cell micro-structure parameters (e.g., the curvature). Based on the one-dimensional (1D) shock theory and absorbed-energy efficiency method, an empirical equation is deduced to evaluate the dynamic plateau stress of bio-inspired RAHs. The finite element (FE) results coincide well with those calculated by the empirical formulas. Moreover, the specific energy absorption (SEA) and energy dissipation rules of bio-inspired RAHs are discussed, which are also dependent on the curvature. These researches will provide technical support for the innovative structure design and dynamic optimization design of auxetic cellular structures.

Dynamic crushing responses of bio-inspired re-entrant auxetic honeycombs under in-plane impact loading

Introducing the hierarchy into cellular materials has attracted increasing attention in the effort to pursue improved absorbed-energy abilities and impact resistance. In this paper, the dynamic cru...

In-plane dynamic crushing behaviors of joint-based hierarchical honeycombs with different topologies:

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Dynamic crushing responses of bio-inspired re-entrant auxetic honeycombs under in-plane impact loading

In-plane dynamic crushing behaviors of joint-based hierarchical honeycombs with different topologies: