Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of diarrhea in human and animal. To determine the mechanism of a bovine lactoferricin-lactoferrampin (LFCA)-encoding Lactobacillus reut...

A bovine lactoferricin-lactoferrampin-encoding Lactobacillus reuteri CO21 regulates the intestinal mucosal immunity and enhances the protection of piglets against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 challenge

The effects of probiotic supplementation on systemic health and gastrointestinal diseases have been investigated in numerous studies. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of probiotics and their effects on periodontal health. Probiotics show beneficial effects as adjunctive therapeutics and as stand-alone agents in the treatment and prevention of gingivitis as well as specific clinical parameters of periodontitis. This review focuses on the clinical and microbiological aspects of probiotics in the context of health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. In addition, a special focus on nisin-producing probiotics and nisin itself showcase their significant potential for oral and systemic use.

Probiotics, including nisin-based probiotics, improve clinical and microbial outcomes relevant to oral and systemic diseases

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have a long-term history of use in food industry and are becoming attractive for use in therapy on account of their safety, intrinsic beneficial health effects, and considerable biotechnological potential. The established systems for engineering are combined with novel approaches, such as CRISPR-Cas, to enable the use of LAB as vectors for delivery of various therapeutic molecules. The latter are either secreted or surface displayed and can be used for the treatment or prevention of numerous conditions: inflammatory bowel diseases, infections, autoimmune diseases, and even cancer. This review presents some recent data on engineering of LAB, with the emphasis on the most commonly used genera Lactococcus and Lactobacillus. Their use for the delivery of therapeutic proteins is discussed, while a special focus is given to the delivery of therapeutic peptides. Therapeutically relevant improvements of engineered LAB, such as containment systems, ability to visualize bacteria, or target specific host cells are also addressed. Future engineering of LAB for therapy will adopt the capabilities of synthetic biology, with first examples already emerging.

Engineering of lactic acid bacteria for delivery of therapeutic proteins and peptides

http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016508521041688/pdf

Intestinal Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide Shapes a Protective Neonatal Gut Microbiota Against Pancreatic Autoimmunity

Conventional biomedical imaging modalities, including endoscopy, X-rays, and magnetic resonance, are invasive and insufficient in spatial and temporal resolutions for gastrointestinal (GI) tract imaging to guide prognosis and therapy. Here we report a noninvasive method based on lanthanide-doped nanocrystals with ∼1530 nm fluorescence in the near-infrared-IIb window (NIR-IIb, 1500-1700 nm). The rational design of nanocrystals have led to an absolute quantum yield (QY) up to 48.6%. Further benefiting from the minimized scattering through the NIR-IIb window, we enhanced the spatial resolution to ∼1 mm in GI tract imaging, which is ∼3 times higher compared with the near-infrared-IIa (NIR-IIa, 1000-1500 nm) method. The approach also realized a high temporal resolution of 8 frames per second; thus the moment of mice intestinal peristalsis can be captured. Furthermore, with a light-sheet imaging system, we demonstrated a three-dimensional (3D) imaging on the GI tract. Moreover, we successfully translated these advances to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease.

High Spatial and Temporal Resolution NIR-IIb Gastrointestinal Imaging in Mice.

Background and aim The preventive effect of intrarectal administration of mouse cathelicidin (mCRAMP) and oral administration of mCRAMP-encoding Lactococcus lactis (N4I) has been shown in murine experimental colitis. It is pivotal to understand the ability of N4I whether it can promote mucosal repair in existing colitis. Methods Mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) were treated orally with L. lactis or its transformed strain with or without nisin induction. The body weight, clinical symptoms, and histological changes of colonic tissues were determined. Sulfasalazine was used as a reference drug. Young adult mouse colon cells were used to further elucidate the direct action and possible mechanisms of mCRAMP to promote colonic wound repair. Results Results showed that N4I could improve the clinical symptoms, maintain crypt integrity and preserve mucus-secreting layer in colitis animals. The preparation also could prevent cell death and promote cell proliferation. In contrast, effective dose of sulfasalazine only alleviated clinical symptoms but not the mucosal damage and repair in the colon. In vitro study further showed that mCRAMP could directly promote wound repair by accelerating cell migration but not cell proliferation through the GPCR/MAPK pathway. Conclusions mCRAMP-encoding L. lactis could be a potential therapeutic preparation better than the traditional anti-inflammatory agent in the treatment of UC.

Cathelicidin-encoding Lactococcus lactis promotes mucosal repair in murine experimental colitis.

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Cathelicidin-encoding Lactococcus lactis promotes mucosal repair in murine experimental colitis.