In the newest video coding standard of H.264, intra frame prediction is conducted in the spatial domain. There are two types of intra prediction for luma - Intra/spl I.bar/16/spl times/16 does prediction for the whole 16/spl times/16 luma macroblock and Intra/spl I.bar/4/spl times/4 does prediction for 4/spl times/4 block. Four and nine modes are supported by Intra/spl I.bar/16/spl times/16 and Intra/spl I.bar/4/spl times/4, respectively. The full search algorithm is used in the JVT reference software to choose the best modes, however it is very computationally expensive. In this paper, a new fast intra prediction algorithm using macroblock properties (FIPAMP) is proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed fast algorithm can achieve 10% to 40% computation reduction while maintaining similar PSNR and bit rate performance of H.264 codes.

A fast H.264 intra prediction algorithm using macroblock properties

Intelligent transportation systems and safety driver-assistance systems are important research topics in the field of transportation and traffic management. This study investigates the key problems...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1729881417749949

Real-time vehicle detection and tracking using improved histogram of gradient features and Kalman filters:

Image Quality Assessment (IQA) is a hot research area in the field of image processing. In this paper, objective and subjective IQA methods are reviewed, and more attention is paid to the former. PSNR and MSE, which are commonly used to assess the quality, are analyzed in detail and their defects are given. The models based on error sensitivity and structure distortion of images are two critical methods in IQA, and the survey presents their key techniques and challenge problems. The reduced reference and no reference methods are also presented in this survey. Based on the number of view, IQA are classified into two major categories, namely, monoscopic image IQA and stereoscopic image IQA. This survey also makes an introduction of the stereoscopic image IQA. Finally, the survey lists several perspective sub-fields and topics in IQA progress.

Overview on Image Quality Assessment Methods

This paper proposes a unique Red-Cyan Anaglyph image watermarking using DWT, Fast Walsh Hadamard transform and SVD. Watermarking of this particular image is not done extensively so far. Thus, this study focuses on the watermarking of red-cyan anaglyph image for copyright protection. With the help of DWT, Hadamard transform and SVD, the system tries to extract a robust feature to embed the watermark. The watermarking is carried out as. The cover image is transformed using Discrete Wavelet Transform and the watermark image of size 32 × 32 is scrambled using Arnold transform and it is hidden into the hadamard transformed blocks of the Anaglyph image exploiting singular values obtained by applying Singular Value Decomposition. The performance of this proposed system is checked for its robust nature and its imperceptibility on Middlebury Stereo database against usual image processing attacks such as Gaussian noise, filtering, etc. From the simulation results, it is clearly known that it has achieved better outcomes in terms of robustness and imperceptibility than the former existing papers.

Red-cyan anaglyph image watermarking using DWT, Hadamard transform and singular value decomposition for copyright protection

In this paper, we propose a parallel algorithm for H.264/AVC intra frame encoding by using the graphics processing unit (GPU). The proposed algorithm can handle 4×4 intra block prediction and reconstruction. By rearranging the encoding order of 4×4 blocks and modifying the architecture of H.264/AVC encoder, thirty times speed up can be achieved which utilizing the computing power of GPU without any loss in coding efficiency.

Intra frame encoding using programmable graphics hardware

A digital watermarking algorithm based on depth perceptual region of interest (DP-ROI) for copyright protection of three dimension (3D) images is proposed. First, DP-ROI is defined according to the three-dimensional depth sensation of human visual system and extracted through depth image and gray image. Then, gray image is transformed with discrete cosine transformation (DCT). Several middle frequency DCT coefficients in DP-ROI are adjusted with smaller strength to embed watermark. Finally, by computing the correlation of DCT middle frequency coefficients, and blind watermark is extracted. The experimental results show that the proposed watermarking algorithm has good robustness against image processing attacks, such as JPEG compression, Gaussian noise addition through selection of watermark embedding strength.

A Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on Region of Interest for 3D Image

In order to maximize the coding performance, H.264 adopts RDO (rate distortion optimization) at the cost of a very high computational complexity. A special focus is spent on fast intra prediction mode selection in this paper. To reduce complexity associated with intra prediction mode selection, an efficient fast mode selection for intra prediction is proposed. First, the Pan's fast algorithm based on edge direction histogram is improved. Second, a new improved algorithm is joined together with a 4'4 intra prediction mode selection algorithm based on the feature of the reference pixels. Experimental results show that, compared with the H.264 encoder JM61, the proposed scheme reduces 58% coding time for I-frame while maintaining the PSNR and only increasing bit rate a little. Furthermore, compared with Pan's scheme based on edged direction histogram, the proposed scheme reduces 24% coding time for I-frame while maintaining similar PSNR and bit rate.

An efficient fast mode selection for intra prediction

Fast and efficient disparity estimation (DE) is a key technology in stereoscopic image sequence processing On the basis of analyzing the correlation between disparity vectors and motion vectors, a new fast disparity estimation algorithm for stereo video coding is presented in this paper Experimental results show that, compared with the full search algorithm, the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce DE complexity while the reconstructed image quality is quite close to that of full search method

Fast disparity estimation algorithm for stereoscopic image sequence coding

Compared with traditional traffic detectors, the video sensor has lots of advantages such as fast response, easy installation and maintenance, the ability to monitor wide areas and obtain more kinds of traffic parameters, and as a result, it has been widely used in Intelligent Traffic System(ITS) in recent years. Up to now, a number of video processing and analyzing methods have been proposed for vehicle detection and tracking. In this paper, vehicle detection and tracking techniques are introduced and categorized based on their key processing techniques (feature, area or model) and processing domain (spatial or temporal), the advantages and disadvantage of each method are also analyzed. Additionally, the problems that still exist and the trend of the research in this field in the future are indicated.

Review on Vehicle Detection and Tracking Techniques Based on Video Processing in Intelligent Transportation Systems

In this work, a new method to deal with the unconnected pixels in motion compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) is presented, which is designed to improve the performance of 3D lifted wavelet coding. Furthermore, multiple description scalable coding (MDSC) is investigated, and novel MDSC schemes based on 3D wavelet coding are proposed, using the lifting imple- mentation of temporal filtering. The proposed MDSC schemes can avoid the mismatch problem in multiple description video coding, and have high scalability and robustness of video transmission. Experimental results showed that the proposed schemes are feasible and adequately effective.

Multiple description scalable video coding based on 3D lifted wavelet transform

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