https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/21160/1/FullText.pdf

Association between short-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 infection: Evidence from China.

The main route of transmission of SARS CoV infection is presumed to be respiratory droplets. However the virus is also detectable in other body fluids and excreta. The stability of the virus at different temperatures and relative humidity on smooth surfaces were studied. The dried virus on smooth surfaces retained its viability for over 5 days at temperatures of 22–25°C and relative humidity of 40–50%, that is, typical air-conditioned environments. However, virus viability was rapidly lost (>3 log10) at higher temperatures and higher relative humidity (e.g., 38°C, and relative humidity of >95%). The better stability of SARS coronavirus at low temperature and low humidity environment may facilitate its transmission in community in subtropical area (such as Hong Kong) during the spring and in air-conditioned environments. It may also explain why some Asian countries in tropical area (such as Malaysia, Indonesia or Thailand) with high temperature and high relative humidity environment did not have major community outbreaks of SARS.

/pdf/the-effects-of-temperature-and-relative-humidity-on-the-3ln1w7vhh1.pdf

The Effects of Temperature and Relative Humidity on the Viability of the SARS Coronavirus

COVID-19 transmission in Mainland China is associated with temperature and humidity: A time-series analysis.

The role of air pollution (PM and NO2) in COVID-19 spread and lethality: A systematic review.

Several epidemiologic and toxicological studies have commonly viewed ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), defined as particles having an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm, as a significant potential danger to human health. PM2.5 is mostly absorbed through the respiratory system, where it can infiltrate the lung alveoli and reach the bloodstream. In the respiratory system, reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) and oxidative stress stimulate the generation of mediators of pulmonary inflammation and begin or promote numerous illnesses. According to the most recent data, fine particulate matter, or PM2.5, is responsible for nearly 4 million deaths globally from cardiopulmonary illnesses such as heart disease, respiratory infections, chronic lung disease, cancers, preterm births, and other illnesses. There has been increased worry in recent years about the negative impacts of this worldwide danger. The causal associations between PM2.5 and human health, the toxic effects and potential mechanisms of PM2.5, and molecular pathways have been described in this review.

/pdf/recent-insights-into-particulate-matter-pm2-5-mediated-2jjs7vkj.pdf

Recent Insights into Particulate Matter (PM2.5)-Mediated Toxicity in Humans: An Overview

Influence of meteorological factors and air pollution on the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome

Many epidemiologists have agreed that a refined estimate of the incubation period of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) would need a sample size of about 200 cases and appropriate statistical methods enabling the inclusion of cases with defined periods of exposure. However, no such studies have been reported so far. Besides, determinants of the SARS incubation period remain unclear. In this study, 209 probable SARS cases with documented episodes of exposure between March 1 and May 31, 2003, in mainland China were included. A nonparametric method was used to analyze these data with defined periods of exposure to obtain the refined estimate of the SARS incubation period. Furthermore, the authors also explored the influence of various factors on the SARS incubation period by analysis of variance, linear regression analysis, and analysis of covariance. The estimates of mean and variance of the SARS incubation period were 5.29 days and 12.33 days(2), respectively; 90% of patients would have an incubation period of less than 11.58 days with a probability of 0.8, and 99% of patients would have an incubation of less than 22.22 days with a probability of 0.9. The affected area showed a highly significant effect on the incubation period (p < 0.001), but the contact pattern, occupation, gender, and age did not.

/pdf/refined-estimate-of-the-incubation-period-of-severe-acute-5fu4shvdai.pdf

Refined Estimate of the Incubation Period of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Related Influencing Factors

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Influence of meteorological factors and air pollution on the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome

Refined Estimate of the Incubation Period of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Related Influencing Factors