Recent progresses of fabrication and characterization of fibers-reinforced composites: A review

Cold plasma, an ionized mixture of gases with bulk temperature near the room temperature, can be safely used for surface modification of textile substrates. Plasma treatment can change surface hydrophilicity of the textile substrates by forming hydrophilic groups or can clean the surfaces by etching out top layers. With an aim to improve water absorbency of the textile substrates, nylon and polyester fabrics were treated continuously in an atmospheric-pressure-glow-discharge-plasma produced in presence of different gases. After plasma treatment, time taken in spreading a water droplet over a pre-defined area was found to decrease significantly. As expected, the chemical changes brought about by plasma, increased the surface energy of both nylon and polyester fabrics. However, the rate of oil absorption (a hydrophobic fluid) was also found to increase to a great extent. Spreading time for mustard oil droplet over a specified area was observed to decrease significantly from 152 s in an untreated fabric to 52 s in He plasma treated fabric for nylon, whereas, it decreased from 28.6 min in untreated fabric to 2.8 min in the treated fabric for PET samples. The effect of plasma treatment on the rate of oil absorbency was further confirmed for cotton fabrics, where the time for oil absorbency decreased from 59.5 s in the untreated sample to 30.4 s in the treated sample. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis of the treated fabrics revealed the formation of nano-sized channels on their surfaces. The samples, after plasma treatment, showed only a marginal drop in their mechanical properties.

Improvement in water and oil absorbency of textile substrate by atmospheric pressure cold plasma treatment

Hybrid Polymer Membrane Functionalized PBO Fibers/Cyanate Esters Wave-Transparent Laminated Composites

A new hierarchical reinforcement was fabricated by growing ZnO nanowires (NWs) onto poly( p -phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers using a mild hydrothermal method, which served as a platform for the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) grafting, using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) as a bridging agent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to characterize the surface morphologies of PBO fibers and the de-bonding surface morphologies of their composites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the chemical bonding nature between ZnO NWs and APTMS, as well as between APTMS and POSS. The reinforcement offered a 83.4% enhancement in the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) without degrading the base fiber. Moreover, the possible interfacial property enhancing reasons were explored. The hydrothermal aging resistance of PBO/epoxy composites was also greatly improved.

/pdf/poss-bound-zno-nanowires-as-interphase-for-enhancing-43uenytp6x.pdf

POSS-bound ZnO nanowires as interphase for enhancing interfacial strength and hydrothermal aging resistance of PBO fiber/epoxy resin composites

A novel “three-step approach” of methanesulfonic acid/γ-aminopropyl triethoxy silane/GlycidylEthyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (MSA/KH550/POSS) was proposed to functionalize the surface of high modulus poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (HMPBO) fibers. Results indicated that GlycidylEthyl POSS was successfully grafted on the surface of HMPBO fibers and the surface roughness of HMPBO fibers was increased obviously. The single fiber pull-out strength of POSS-g-HMPBO/epoxy resin microcomposite was improved to 1.19 MPa, better than that of native HMPBO/epoxy resin microcomposite. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:611–616, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

Surface functionalization of HMPBO fibers with MSA/KH550/GlycidylEthyl POSS and improved interfacial adhesion

The methods of argon plasma and argon plasma combined with coupling agents were employed to modify the poly(1,4-phenylene-cis-benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fiber surface. The interfacial shearing strength (IFSS) of PBO fibers/epoxy resin was measured by the single fiber pull-out test. The surface chemical structure and surface composition of PBO fibers were determined by FTIR and X-ray photo- electron spectroscopy respectively. The morphology of the fiber surface was investigated by scanning electron micros- copy and the specific surface area of the fibers was calcu- lated by B.E.T. equation. Furthermore, the wettability of PBO fibers was confirmed by the droplet profile analysis method. The results showed that the elemental composition ratio of the fiber surface changed after the modification. The IFSS increased by 42 and 78% when the fibers were treated by argon plasma and argon plasma combined with the coupling agents, respectively. Meanwhile, the specific sur- face areas of the treated fibers were improved. In addition, compared with the modification of argon plasma, the mod- ification of argon plasma combined with the coupling agents inhibited the attenuation phenomena of the IFSS and the wettability. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1428 -1435, 2006

/pdf/surface-modification-of-pbo-fibers-by-argon-plasma-and-argon-2fg2r1rr4w.pdf

Surface modification of PBO fibers by argon plasma and argon plasma combined with coupling agents

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Surface modification of PBO fibers by argon plasma and argon plasma combined with coupling agents