The largest family of lichen-forming fungi, the Parmeliaceae, is reviewed. It includes 79 genera in current use and ca 2726 species, a large majority of which belong to one of five main clades: the parmelioid, cetrarioid, usneoid, alectorioid and hypogymnioid. However, 21 genera are positioned outside these clades, and four genera in current use still lack DNA- data. The family has been shown to be monophyletic and the generic classification is relatively well-settled compared with other lecanoralean families. Each clade and its genera are presented here with the latest results from phylogenetic analyses and current taxonomy. In addition, a historical outline of the family and its most prominent researchers is provided.

A review of the lichen family Parmeliaceae - history, phylogeny and current taxonomy.

Parmelina tiliacea is a common, widely distributed species in south-western Europe, easily identifiable by morphology and much used as an air pollution bioindicator in many regions. A molecular phylogenetic survey of samples from many geographical areas, using Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian inference of nuITS and mtLSU rDNA regions, revealed a group of samples geographi- cally restricted to a small region of the Iberian Peninsula and genetically separated from the other P. tiliacea specimens studied. These samples are morphologically indistinguishable from P. tiliacea, apart from subtle anatomical characters in the ascomata (hyphae of the exciple and ascospore width), which are frequently absent. Although geographically different, the two taxa occupy similar habitats and are even sympatric in some areas, indicating that they do not exchange genetic material. This previously overlooked, and apparently endemic lineage, is described as P. cryptotiliacea sp. nov., and the name Lichen tiliaceus is epitypified by a sequenced specimen to fix the application of Parmelina tiliacea to the widespread genotype. A second unexpected result was the discovery that the morpho- logically distinct P. pastillifera was nested within P. tiliacea. These two cases stress the need to use molecular tools to elucidate species concepts even within widespread morphologically well- characterized macrolichens. Such investigations are necessary to improve our understanding and estimation of biodiversity, and to facilitate the development of sound biodiversity conservation strategies for lichens.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S002428291100051X

Conundrums in species concepts: the discovery of a new cryptic species segregated from Parmelina tiliacea (Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae)

A survey of the parmotremoid lichens occurring in the central area of Rio Grande do Sul State (Brazil) revealed 31 species of Parmotrema A. Massal., distributed in three groups corresponding to the former genera Canomaculina Elix & Hale, Parmotrema s. str. and Rimelia Hale & Fletcher. All species are described, illustrated, commented and special notes compare similar species as an aid to identification.

/pdf/parmotrema-s-l-parmeliaceae-lichenized-ascomycota-from-serra-1j1xv8g9nc.pdf

Parmotrema s.l. (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from Serra Geral slopes in central Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil

New records of five lichenized fungi from Poland are provided. Hypotrachyna afrorevoluta, Lecanora quercicola, Rhizocarpon superficiale and Strigula ziziphi are new to Poland. Of these, Strigula ziziphi is reported also as new to Central Europe and Hypotrachyna afrorevoluta as new to the Carpathians. Additionally, Thelenella muscorum var. octospora is recorded from its second locality in Poland as new to the Polish Carpathians. Hypostictic acid chemosyndrome has been noticed for the first time in European (Poland) and South American (Bolivia) populations of Rhizocarpon superficiale .

/pdf/additions-to-the-biota-of-lichenized-fungi-of-poland-5e0m6odq60.pdf

Additions to the biota of lichenized fungi of Poland

Taxinomie, écologie et chorologie des espèces françaises des genres Hypotrachyna et Parmelinopsis (Ascomycota lichénisés, Parmeliaceae)

Eighteen species of parmelioid lichens belonging to the genera Canomaculina, Parmelina, Parmelinella and Parmelinopsis are recognized in China's mainland. The new combination Canomaculina ultralucens is made and Parmelia kokiuensis is synonymized with Parmelinopsis minarum. Six species, Canomaculina subsumpta, Parmelinella chozoubae, Parmelinopsis afrorevoluta, P. microlobulata, P. protocetrarica and P. subfatiscens, are reported as new to China. Two species, Parmelinopsis expallida and P. horrescens, are recorded in China's mainland for the first time.

Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) Lichens in China's Mainland I. The Genera Canomaculina, Parmelina, Parmelinella and Parmelinopsis

Twenty species of Hypotrachyna are recognized in China's mainland. One species, H neostictifera, is described as new to science, and five species, H. addita, H croceopustulata, H granulans, H. novella and H physcioides, are reported as new to China. A further five species, H. adjuncta, H. exsecta, H. flexilis, H imbricatula and H koyaensis, are recorded in China's mainland for the first time. Three species, H. asiatica, H. ciliata and H. neostictifera, are endemic to China.

Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) Lichens in China's Mainland II. The Genus Hypotrachyna

Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) lichens in China's mainland III. The genus Parmotrema

New Species of Parmeliaceae (Lichenized Ascomycotina) from China

Two Species of the Lichen Genus Myelochroa (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) from China

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