Due to its similarity to industrialized products, the offsite construction industry is seen as a focus for the transformation of Construction 4.0. Many digital technologies have been applied or have the potential to be applied to realize the integration of design, manufacturing, and assembly. The main objective of this review was to identify the current stage of applying digital technologies in offsite construction. In this review, 171 related papers from the last 10 years (i.e., 2013–2022) were obtained by collecting and filtering them. They were classified and analyzed according to the digital twin concept, application areas, and specific application directions. The results indicated that there are apparent differences in the utilization and development level of different technologies in different years. Meanwhile, the introduction, current stages, and benefits of different digital technologies are also discussed. Finally, this review summarizes the current popular fields and speculates on future research directions by analyzing article publication trends, which sheds light on future research.

/pdf/digital-technologies-in-offsite-and-prefabricated-23s3tim8.pdf

Digital Technologies in Offsite and Prefabricated Construction: Theories and Applications

To effectively manage the heterogeneous and discrete knowledge of the bridge maintenance domain, this study adopts knowledge graph technology to build a knowledge base of bridge maintenance, called the bridge maintenance knowledge graph (BMKG). The BMKG uses an ontology as the knowledge organization and representation framework and a graph database as the knowledge storage tool. To facilitate the construction of the BMKG, a hybrid method combining a top-down approach and a bottom-up approach is proposed. Firstly, a bridge maintenance domain ontology (BMDO) is coded with Protégé and represented in Web Ontology Language. Secondly, rule reasoning and ontology reasoning are implemented on the BMDO in Protégé in order to automatically complete missing relations or attribute values. Thirdly, ontology reasoning is adopted to perform consistency check on the BMDO. Lastly, the BMDO model is stored in the Neo4j graph database through data format conversion, thus completing the construction of the BMKG. The BMKG is applied in a typical scenario of bridge maintenance to demonstrate its application value. Results show that the proposed hybrid method can create a knowledge graph that can realize the transformation from discrete data into interconnected knowledge. Knowledge graph offers a novel idea to create a knowledge base in the bridge maintenance domain.

/pdf/building-a-knowledge-base-of-bridge-maintenance-using-5dc895a2.pdf

Building a Knowledge Base of Bridge Maintenance Using Knowledge Graph

Over the preceding several decades, the architectural, engineering, and construction (AEC) industries have witnessed significant advances due to the rapid development of information technology [...]

/pdf/application-of-emerging-technologies-to-improve-construction-116h75y1.pdf

Application of Emerging Technologies to Improve Construction Performance

Industry Foundation Classes (IFCs), as the most recognized data schema for Building Information Modeling (BIM), are increasingly combined with ontology to facilitate data interoperability across the whole lifecycle in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Facility Management (AEC/FM). This paper conducts a bibliometric analysis of 122 papers from the perspective of data, model, and application to summarize the modes of IFC and ontology integration (IFCOI). This paper first analyzes the data and models of the integration from IFC data formats and ontology development models to the IfcOWL data model. Next, the application status is summed up from objective and phase dimensions, and four frequent applications with maturity are identified. Based on the aforementioned multi-dimensional analysis, three integration modes are summarized, taking into account various data interoperability requirements. Accordingly, ontology behaves as the representation of domain knowledge, an enrichment tool for IFC model semantics, and a linkage between IFC data and other heterogeneous data. Finally, this paper points out the challenges and opportunities for IFCOI in the data, domain ontology, and integration process and proposes a building lifecycle management model based on IFCOI. 

Integration of Industry Foundation Classes and Ontology: Data, Applications, Modes, Challenges, and Opportunities

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a digital tool that can be used to create three-dimensional models of components. BIM technology, with its parameterized modeling scheme, can effectively address design changes. The use of BIM technology in prefabricated shear wall structures can significantly enhance component design accuracy and production efficiency. The Tekla software offers significant advantages in BIM deepening design. By utilizing the C# language, secondary development of the Tekla software, and the development of an intelligent modeling program for the edge components of prefabricated shear wall structures, the deepening design efficiency of such structures can be improved. The creation of BIM models is a crucial step in program development. Different types of reinforcements require various modeling methods, which, when combined with the design specifications of concrete structures, can be compiled to create the fine reinforcement model. This allows for the automatic creation of three-dimensional reinforcement models: “linear-shaped,” “T-shaped,” and “L-shaped” joints of the edge member. The BIM visualization characteristics can then display the three-dimensional model of the steel bar of the edge member in the cast-in-place area, deriving the engineering quantity of the steel bar for the production and construction of the prefabricated members. The modeling program’s development concept can serve as a reference for similar engineering applications, promoting the intelligent development of prefabricated building design and enhancing the efficiency of design and construction.

/pdf/intelligent-modeling-of-edge-components-of-prefabricated-ekpvzlu1.pdf

Intelligent Modeling of Edge Components of Prefabricated Shear Wall Structures Based on BIM

Contemporary engineering in the construction field has put forward higher requirements on the value utilization of building information models, and as the prefabricated building is the core of construction industrialization, using BIM (Building Information Model) technology to realize the forward design of prefabricated buildings and maximize the value of BIM is in urgent demand in the current construction industry. However, in the application process of forward design, there is a lack of standardized implementation guidance and mature technical support, leading to many problems such as a redundancy of model information, heterogeneity of data information, and low efficiency of transmission. Based on this, this paper proposes a model view delivery method of forward design for prefabricated buildings. Firstly, a simplified assembly model and an assembly knowledge model are designed and extended with IFC (Industry Foundation Classes), then we realize the knowledge visualization expression by combining with an ontology semantic system. For the model view of a prefabricated building domain, this paper realizes the reusable concept module by ontology IDM (Information Delivery Manual) and properties selection of knowledge graphs, and then completes the model view delivery through data mapping and IfcDoc (Ifc Documentation Generator) tool output. Finally, the implementation model of information delivery management for forward design is built with model view delivery as the central link.

/pdf/a-semantic-based-methodology-to-deliver-model-views-of-2yid828a.pdf

A Semantic-Based Methodology to Deliver Model Views of Forward Design for Prefabricated Buildings

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A Semantic-Based Methodology to Deliver Model Views of Forward Design for Prefabricated Buildings