Abstract The deleterious effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation on construction materials, especially wood and plastics, and the consequent impacts on their useful lifetimes, are well documented in scientific literature. Any future increase in solar UV radiation and ambient temperature due to climate change will therefore shorten service lifetimes of materials, which will require higher levels of stabilisation or other interventions to maintain their lifetimes at the present levels. The implementation of the Montreal Protocol and its amendments on substances that deplete the ozone layer, controls the solar UV-B radiation received on Earth. This current quadrennial assessment provides a comprehensive update on the deleterious effects of solar UV radiation on the durability of natural and synthetic materials, as well as recent innovations in better stabilising of materials against solar UV radiation-induced damage. Pertinent emerging technologies for wood and plastics used in construction, composite materials used in construction, textile fibres, comfort fabric, and photovoltaic materials, are addressed in detail. Also addressed are the trends in technology designed to increase sustainability via replacing toxic, unsustainable, legacy additives with ‘greener’ benign substitutes that may indirectly affect the UV stability of the redesigned materials. An emerging class of efficient photostabilisers are the nanoscale particles that include oxide fillers and nanocarbons used in high-performance composites, which provide good UV stability to materials. They also allow the design of UV-shielding fabric materials with impressive UV protection factors. An emerging environmental issue related to the photodegradation of plastics is the generation of ubiquitous micro-scale particles from plastic litter exposed to solar UV radiation. Graphical abstract 

/pdf/effects-of-uv-radiation-on-natural-and-synthetic-materials-1p3g01hq.pdf

Effects of UV radiation on natural and synthetic materials

Bio-based composites fabricated from wood fibers through self-bonding technology.

Sustainable production of engineered bamboo scrimber composites for construction and flooring applications

Bio-based composites fabricated from wood fibers through self-bonding technology

Microwave-assisted sustainable exploration of cocklebur leaves (Xanthium strumarium L.) as a novel source of distinct yellow natural colorant for dyeing cotton fabric

Natural dyes (ND) are gaining increasing interest due to their outstanding merits of being eco-friendly, biodegradable and non-toxic. Wood dyed with extracts from Dalbergia cochinchinensis residues as ND exhibited desirable color appearance and anti-UV property, while the other potential properties of ND dyed wood in terms of water fastness, mildew resistance along with the penetrability of the ND on wood blocks dyeing have not yet been exploited. The present study was aimed at exploring these aspects for multifunction assessment of the ND dyed wood. The results showed that the total color difference (ΔE*: 4.58) and color intensity reduction (PR: 14.01%) of the ND dyed wood declined slightly after washing fastness test in comparison with that of acid red (ΔE*: 32.82; RP: 76.14%) and reactive red (ΔE*: 26.85; RP: 66.52%) dyed wood, which is indicative of its preferable water fastness, which can be ascribed to the hydrophobicity improvement of the wood surface after ND dyeing. In addition, the ND ameliorated the mildew resistance against Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride infection. Interestingly, the wood blocks can be completely impregnated with ND under atmospheric pressure dyeing process without any pretreatment and auxiliary. This study provided a promising approach for multifunctional ND dyed wood preparation. 

/pdf/natural-dye-extracted-from-dalbergia-cochinchinensis-residue-ftkv5h8t.pdf

Natural dye extracted from Dalbergia cochinchinensis residue with water fastness, mildew resistance and permeability properties for wood staining

The chemical composition of wood is closely related to its growing conditions, such as soil temperature and water. Four different types of soil warming and precipitation exclusion treatments were used to simulate the underground response and adaptability of Chinese fir to global warming. The compaction method was used to reclaim the Chinese fir soil from the nearby woodland to ensure that the soil bulk density was as consistent as possible. The chemical constituents of Chinese fir wood were studied by taking Chinese fir discs at breast height of 1.3 m. With changing the growth environment, the content of different extracts and the chemical composition of Chinese fir have changed. The cellulose content of Chinese fir increased significantly with precipitation exclusion − 50%. The organic extract content of Chinese fir increased in different degrees under soil warming and precipitation exclusion, which may be related to the accumulation of organic matter content and be beneficial to the improvement of the biomass of Chinese fir. Due to the change of temperature and water content in soil, the internal adaptability of Chinese fir wood cellulose like crystalline zone, overall orderliness also may decrease. Precipitation exclusion − 50% still has the greatest impact on it. The soil warming and precipitation exclusion can inhibit lignin synthesis of Chinese fir. The lignin condensation index decreased with the decrease of lignin content, possibly due to the change of syringyl lignin content. Experiments show that the underground parts of terrestrial ecosystems may provide positive effects from global warming, although the extent of such consequences is uncertain.

Changes in the chemical composition of young Chinese fir wood exposed to different soil temperature and water content

A bamboo tube knob removing and splitting all-in-one machine includes a lathe bed, a receiving frame, a transmission system, an outer knob removing portion, a fixture portion, a splitting portion, aninner knob removing portion and a control unit. The transmission system is arranged on the left side of the lathe bed, the receiving frame is mounted on the upper right part of the lathe bed, the outer knob removing portion is mounted on a rear guide rail of the lathe bed, the fixture portion is installed on a front guide rail and the rear guide rail of the bed body and connected with the transmission system, the inner knob removing portion is installed on the upper left part of the lathe bed and connected with the transmission system, and is located in front of the outer knob removing portion, the splitting portion is installed inside the inner knob removing portion and connected with the inner knob removing portion and the transmission system in sequence, and the control unit is installed on the upper left part of the bed body. The bamboo tube knob removing and splitting all-in-one machine can continuously perform inner knob removing, outer knob removing and one-side splitting or double-side splitting on a bamboo tube clamped at one time, is applicable to processing linear bamboo tubes with various cross-sectional shapes, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, short clamping time and low labor intensity.

Bamboo tube knob removing and splitting all-in-one machine

Staining of wood veneers with anti-UV property using the natural dye extracted from Dalbergia cohinchinensis

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Natural dye extracted from Dalbergia cochinchinensis residue with water fastness, mildew resistance and permeability properties for wood staining

Changes in the chemical composition of young Chinese fir wood exposed to different soil temperature and water content

Bamboo tube knob removing and splitting all-in-one machine

Staining of wood veneers with anti-UV property using the natural dye extracted from Dalbergia cohinchinensis