Since the ferromagnetic (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were firstly reported to exert enzyme-like activity in 2007, extensive research progress in nanozymes has been made with deep investigation of diverse nanozymes and rapid development of related nanotechnologies. As promising alternatives for natural enzymes, nanozymes have broadened the way toward clinical medicine, food safety, environmental monitoring, and chemical production. The past decade has witnessed the rapid development of metal- and metal oxide-based nanozymes owing to their remarkable physicochemical properties in parallel with low cost, high stability, and easy storage. It is widely known that the deep study of catalytic activities and mechanism sheds significant influence on the applications of nanozymes. This review digs into the characteristics and intrinsic properties of metal- and metal oxide-based nanozymes, especially emphasizing their catalytic mechanism and recent applications in biological analysis, relieving inflammation, antibacterial, and cancer therapy. We also conclude the present challenges and provide insights into the future research of nanozymes constituted of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials.

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A Review on Metal- and Metal Oxide-Based Nanozymes: Properties, Mechanisms, and Applications

Nanomaterials with more than one enzyme-like activity are termed multi-enzymic nanozymes, which have received increasing attention in recent years and hold huge potential to be applied in diverse fields, especially for biosensing and therapeutics. Compared to single enzyme-like nanozymes, multi-enzymic nanozymes offer various unique advantages, including synergistic effects, cascaded reactions, and environmentally-responsive selectivity. Nevertheless, along with these merits, the catalytic mechanism and rational design of multi-enzymic nanozymes are more complicated and elusive as compared to single-enzymic nanozymes. In this review, we systematically discussed the multi-enzymic nanozymes classification scheme based on the numbers/types of activities, the internal and external factors regulating the multi-enzymatic activities, the rational design based on chemical, biomimetic, and computer-aided strategies, and recent progress in applications attributed to the advantages of multi-catalytic activities. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives regarding the development and application of multi-enzymatic nanozymes are suggested. This review aims to deepen the understanding and inspire the research in multi-enzymic nanozymes to a greater extent. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Multienzyme-like Nanozymes: Regulation, Rational Design, and Application.

Enzyme Mimics for Engineered Biomimetic Cascade Nanoreactors: Mechanism, Applications, and Prospects

Enzyme (Single and Multiple) and Nanozyme Biosensors: Recent Developments and Their Novel Applications in the Water-Food-Health Nexus

/pdf/nanozymes-with-multiple-activities-prospects-in-analytical-1640x0ct.pdf

Nanozymes with Multiple Activities: Prospects in Analytical Sensing

PVP-stabilized PtRu nanozymes with peroxidase-like activity and its application for colorimetric and fluorometric glucose detection

Nanomaterials that demonstrate multi-enzyme activities have increasingly gained interest due to their potential applications in point-of-care diagnostics In the present work, polyvinylpyrrolidone-functionalized bimetallic IrPt alloy nanostructures (PVP/IrPt ANs) exhibited excellent peroxidase-, oxidase-, and catalase-like activities were synthesized with a reflux-assisted one-pot wet chemical process The use of PVP as stabilizer and surfactant during the synthesis produced monodisperse nanoparticles (NPs) with average diameter of 41 nm The PVP/IrPt ANs catalyze the oxidation of H2O2, TMB, and amplex red through the peroxidase and oxidase biomimetic activities The kinetic parameters of PVP/IrPt ANs were measured to demonstrate their enhanced enzyme-like behavior relative to previously reported bimetallic nanozymes The oxidase- and peroxidase-like activities of PVP/IrPt ANs were employed for efficient colorimetric and fluorescent detection of H2O2 concentrations Moreover, the multi-enzyme activity of PVP/IrPt ANs was coupled with the glucose oxidase activity to fabricate colorimetric and fluorometric glucose sensors The colorimetric glucose sensor revealed a broad detection range of 25 µM – 15 mM, while the fluorometric sensor showed excellent limit of detection (LOD) of 1775 nM In comparison, colorimetric detection can be easily visualized by the naked eye, demonstrate good selectivity, and recovery of glucose from spiked biological and food samples

Functionalized bimetallic IrPt alloy nanoparticles: Multi-enzyme mimics for colorimetric and fluorometric detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose

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PVP-stabilized PtRu nanozymes with peroxidase-like activity and its application for colorimetric and fluorometric glucose detection

Functionalized bimetallic IrPt alloy nanoparticles: Multi-enzyme mimics for colorimetric and fluorometric detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose