Flexible pavements and climate are interactive. Pavements are climate sensitive infrastructure, where climate can impact their deterioration rate, subsequent maintenance, and life-cycle costs. Meanwhile, climate mitigation measures are urgently needed to reduce the environmental impacts of pavements and related transportation on the macroclimate and microclimate. Current pavement design and life cycle management practices may need to be modified to adapt to changing climates and to reduce environmental impacts. This paper reports an extensive literature search on qualitative and quantitative pavement research related to climate change in recent years. The topics cover climate stressors, sensitivity of pavement performance to climatic factors, impacts of climate change on pavement systems, and, most importantly, discussions of climate change adaptation, mitigation, and their interactions. This paper is useful for those who aim to understand or research the climate resilience of flexible pavements.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/3/1057/pdf

Flexible Pavements and Climate Change: A Comprehensive Review and Implications

Climate condition is an important factor that affects the performance of pavements and distress predictions using mechanistic-empirical analyses. This study aims to analyse the sensitivity of flexible pavement distress predictions to climatic inputs using the AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design software in the state of Michigan. Typical traffic parameters, pavement structures and material properties for the state of Michigan were used as inputs for the analysis of flexible pavement performance. Six representative sites geographically distributed throughout Michigan and two typical traffic levels (high and medium) were incorporated in a comprehensive analysis of the effects of climate on flexible pavement performance predictions. A normalised sensitivity index was adopted to quantitatively evaluate the sensitivity of distress predictions to the five individual climatic variables: temperature, wind speed, precipitation, percent sunshine and relative humidity. The results of this study showed that the pred...

Sensitivity of flexible pavement design to Michigan’s climatic inputs using pavement ME design

The purposes of this study were to establish the difference between empirical and mechanistic–empirical approaches in the flexible pavement design and to quantify the effects of mean annual precipitation and temperature on the flexible pavement distresses using the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) software. Seventy-six specific locations from 13 states throughout the USA were selected based on different climate conditions using virtual climate stations based on the interpolation from the nearest weather stations prior to meeting the objectives. Subsequently, analysis was conducted based on the predicted distresses, including longitudinal cracking, transverse cracking, alligator cracking, asphalt concrete rutting and total pavement permanent deformation. Generally, the pavement structure and materials have been set as constant to control the effects of material on the results. On the basis of the MEPDG analysis, the longitudinal cracking of flexible pavement is significantly affected by ...

Effects of mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation on the performance of flexible pavement using ME design

This study aims to investigate the quality of the recently developed Canadian climatic database and the effect of climatic factors on flexible pavement performance using the mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide (MEPDG). Two hundred and six Canadian climatic files were used to carry out the analysis. Freezing index and frost depth from the MEPDG were compared with the data available in Canadian databases. The sensitivity of pavement performance to climate conditions, predicted using the MEPDG, was also studied. The pavement performance predicted using the virtual weather station and existing weather station data was compared. From the pavement performance sensitivity study, it was found that the asphalt concrete, total pavement rutting and international roughness index show sensitivity to climate changes. It was also found that differences in the quality and duration of data for close-by stations can result in variation in the predicted performance. Overall, the study assists with facilitating the i...

Evaluation of the effects of Canadian climate conditions on the MEPDG predictions for flexible pavement performance

The temperature of the asphalt concrete AC is one of the most important environmental factors that influences flexible pavement performance. The possibility hazard of temperature change raises attention in how it may affect the deterioration rates (deflection, strain and stress distributions) in flexible pavement and how pavement service life would be changed as a result. A change in the AC temperature directly influences the stiffness of the asphalt-bound layers, which modifies the stress statues inside the pavement. This alteration in stress can influence the stiffness of the underlying unbound layers since they generally show stress reliance. Due to these relations are nonlinear, the additional pavement life lost at higher than average temperature is not replaced by savings at lower than average temperature. For that, the deterioration amount are overvalues when average pavement temperatures are used for determining the asphalt stiffness. The objective of this research was to study the pavement temperatures throughout the year in Egypt on performance and life of seven pavement sections with different stiffness or thickness using mechanistic-empirical method to investigate the most influential characteristic under temperature change for improving the design of pavement structures. The results revealed the significance of the impact that climate change may have on the performance service life of flexible pavements. These changes may impact the pavement life cycle cost and thus their impact on future maintenance requirement should be investigated.

/pdf/temperature-change-implications-for-flexible-pavement-4z9o0idsua.pdf

Temperature Change Implications for Flexible Pavement Performance and Life

The main objective of this study was to compare the flexible pavement design using the Alberta Transportation Pavement Design (ATPD) procedure to the recently developed Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG). Findings from this study explore the possibility of MEPDG implementation for pavement design in Alberta, Canada. Six different design cases were defined with three different traffic levels and two different subgrade materials. Each case was designed following the ATPD procedure. The ATPD design thicknesses were then used in the MEPDG for each case to predict the pavement performance reliabilities at the end of the 20-year design life. The design for each case was repeated 27 times, using the climatic files available in the MEPDG for Alberta. It was found that, when using the MEPDG, only the cases with a strong subgrade material and a low level of traffic meet the default limit value for total pavement rutting. Also, all sections designed following the ATPD procedure, when designed using the MEPDG, fail due to excessive International Roughness Index (IRI).

http://www.ijprt.org.tw/reader/pdf.php?id=263

A Comparative Study between the Alberta Transportation Flexible Pavement Design and the MEPDG

This paper aims to investigate the quality of recently developed Canadian climate data and the effects of climate on flexible pavement performance using the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG). Two-hundred and six (206) weather stations were categorized into six weather zones to better understand climate distribution. The analysis was carried out for all weather stations across Canada, and sensitivities of pavement performances in terms of the International Roughness Index (IRI), Asphalt Concrete (AC) rutting and total pavement deformation were studied. Pavement performances of weather stations in close proximity were studied to investigate the consistency of Canadian climate data. Also, pavement performances for Virtual Weather Station (VWS) data and actual station data were compared.

Evaluation of Canadian Climate Information and Its Effect on Pavement Performance Through MEPDG Prediction

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Evaluation of the effects of Canadian climate conditions on the MEPDG predictions for flexible pavement performance

A Comparative Study between the Alberta Transportation Flexible Pavement Design and the MEPDG

Evaluation of Canadian Climate Information and Its Effect on Pavement Performance Through MEPDG Prediction