La theorie linguistique pourrait s'enrichir, selon l'auteur, en tenant compte du fait que le marquage de la tete du syntagme, dans les problemes d'accords, est plus repandu dans les langues du monde que le cas de marquage du " dependant " considere comme non parametre

https://muse.jhu.edu/journals/language/v062/62.1.nichols.pdf

Head-marking and dependent-marking grammar

1. Introduction: Objective, Definitions, Method and Some History PART ONE: PERSON MARKING 2. One Among the Crowd: The Marking of Singular Participants 3. Group Marking: Redefining Plurality in the Pronominal Domain PART TWO: PARADIGMATIC STRUCTURE 4. The Diversity of the Core: A Survey of Patterns of Singular and Group Marking 5. Compound Pronouns: Other Person Categories Disqualified PART THREE: NUMBER INCORPORATED 6. Cardinality: Redefining Number in the Pronominal Domain 7. The Diversity of Restricted Groups: A Survey of Dual Person Marking PART FOUR: COGNATE PARADIGMS 8. Connecting Paradigms: Person Paradigms Through Time and Space 9. Cognate Paradigms Revisited: Connecting the Dual 10. Finale: Summary and Prospects References List of Languages According to Genetic/Geographical distribution Index of Names Index of Languages Index of Subjects

The paradigmatic structure of person marking

Influenced by the work of Bakhtin, a sociolinguistics has begun to take shape in recent years that takes multiplicity, hybridity, and simultaneity as key concepts. Such a sociolinguistics should place bi- and multilingual speakers and communities at its center, rather than in their traditional place at the margins. Within the frame of a Bakhtinian concept of simultaneity in language, this article reconsiders translingual phenomena of codeswitching and so-called interference, and brings into focus a relatively understudied third form, here called bivalency. It further considers the ambivalent and simultaneous messages that are communicated in linguistic contact zones, and speakers' simultaneous claims to more than one social identity. There can be analytical advantage in comparing the frequencies, functions, and relationships of these different forms of simultaneity in different political economies of language contact

Simultaneity and Bivalency as Strategies in Bilingualism

An Interpretation of Split Ergativity and Related Patterns

This paper examines two contrasting perspectives on morphological analysis, and considers inflectional patterns that bear on the choice between these alternatives. On what is termed an ABSTRACTIVE perspective, surface word forms are regarded as basic morphotactic units of a grammatical system, with roots, stems and exponents treated as abstractions over a lexicon of word forms. This traditional standpoint is contrasted with the more CONSTRUCTIVE perspective of post-Bloomfieldian models, in which surface word forms are ‘built’ from sub-word units. Part of the interest of this contrast is that it cuts across conventional divisions of morphological models. Thus, realization-based models are morphosyntactically ‘word-based’ in the sense that they regard words as the minimal meaningful units of a grammatical system. Yet morphotactically, these models tend to adopt a constructive ‘root-based’ or ‘stem-based’ perspective. An examination of some form-class patterns in Saami, Estonian and Georgian highlights advantages of an abstractive model, and suggests that these advantages derive from the fact that sets of words often predict other word forms and determine a morphotactic analysis of their parts, whereas sets of sub-word units are of limited predictive value and typically do not provide enough information to recover word forms.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022226706004191

Word-based morphology

The inflectional categories of Indo-European

L'opposition mot-base: derive permet de degager, chez ce dernier, le morpheme de derivation. P. e. fille: fill-ette (suffixe), fait: me-fait (prefixe). Le morpheme n'est pas toujours simple, il consiste parfois en deux ou plusieurs parties. Ainsi le diminutif allemand Baum-chen est caracterise, par rapport a Baum, non seulement par le suffixe (diminutif) -chen, mais encore par l'inflexion («umlaut») du vocalisme radical. Le morpheme de derivation y est donc bipartite et il se pose la question du rapport mutuel du suffixe -chen et du changement vocalique. Notons entre parentheses qu'au point de vue de la langue moderne l'umlaut n'a pas un caractere phonetique, mais purement morphologique. Or ce rapport decoule de l'etendue de l'emploi des deux morphemes partiels. L'umlaut n'est propre qu'a une partie seulement de derives en -chen puisqu'il ne saurait apparaitre qu'en cas de vocalisme radical posterieur (a, o, u, au). Si le suffixe -chen implique l'umlaut radical, l'inverse n'est pas vrai : l'umlau...

La nature des procés dits «Analogiques»

Studies in Semitic Grammar and Metrics

L'apophonie en indo-europeen

Die sprachlichen Grundlagen der altgermanischen Metrik

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