http://users.aspete.gr/asteris/Fulltext/ASCE2011.pdf

Mathematical micromodeling of infilled frames: State of the art

Experimental evaluation of out-of-plane capacity of masonry infill walls

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to investigate the seismic performance of a two storey brick masonry house with one room in each floor. A half-scale building constructed using single wythe clay brick masonry laid in cement sand mortar and a conventional timber floor and timber roof clad with clay tiles was tested under earthquake ground motions on a shaking table, first in the longitudinal direction and then in the transverse direction. In each direction, the building was subjected to different ground motions with gradually increasing intensity. Dynamic properties of the system were assessed through white-noise tests after each ground motion. The building suffered increasing levels of damage as the excitations became more severe. The damage ranged from cracking to global/local rocking of different piers and partial out-of-plane failure of the walls. Nevertheless, the building did not collapse under base excitations with peak ground acceleration up to 0.8g. General behaviour of the tested building model during the tests is discussed, and fragility curves are developed for unreinforced masonry buildings based on the experimental results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

/pdf/seismic-performance-of-an-unreinforced-masonry-building-an-1cgog8w1y2.pdf

Seismic performance of an unreinforced masonry building: An experimental investigation

In-plane strengthening of clay brick unreinforced masonry wallettes using ECC shotcrete

The role of masonry infills in the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete buildings has been widely studied in terms of their strength and stiffness contribution in the in‐plane (IP) direction, while fewer studies have been carried out on their response and modeling in the out‐of‐plane (OOP) direction. In this paper, the state of the art in code and literature provisions regarding infills' OOP capacity and seismic demand is presented, together with a review of the experimental tests that have been carried out to investigate infills' OOP behavior and the effects of IP‐OOP interaction. This review aims to collect an experimental database that is used to evaluate the effectiveness of literature and code provisions and to propose a semiempirical approach both for predicting infills' OOP strength, stiffness, and displacement capacity and for modeling the effects of IP displacement demand on OOP behavior and vice versa. Then, the state of the art on modeling of infills' OOP behavior and IP‐OOP interaction is presented together with a new macro model based on the proposed formulations and conceived to represent the IP and OOP behavior by taking into account the mutual interaction effects. Finally, the proposed model is used for an example application on two case‐study buildings, showing the effects of taking into account or neglecting the IP‐OOP interaction phenomena.

Empirical‐based out‐of‐plane URM infill wall model accounting for the interaction with in‐plane demand

An experimental programme was conducted in which eight full-scale unreinforced masonry walls were subjected to cyclic face loading using a system of airbags. Of the eight walls, six contained a window opening and four were subjected to vertical pre-compression. Combined supports at the vertical and horizontal edges ensured that under face loading the walls underwent two-way bending. The test walls were found to possess good post-peak strength and displacement capacity as well as reasonable energy dissipation characteristics. Significant strength and stiffness degradation and non-symmetry of strength in the positive and negative displacement directions were also evident. Discussion of the causes of the aforementioned trends and their implications towards the seismic response of masonry walls is provided. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Cyclic testing of unreinforced masonry walls in two-way bending

Quasi-static experiments have been carried out on unreinforced masonry (URM) wall specimens subject to two-way bending and a range of boundary conditions. The hysteretic behaviour so obtained from the experiments have been used to generate fragility curves which define the probability of the wall sustaining minor to severe damage in an earthquake based on different levels of ground motion intensity and boundary conditions of the wall. The calculation for the fragility curves involves the generation of filtered accelerograms which take into account a range of earthquake scenarios, site conditions and building types. The generated accelerograms have been used for input into non-linear time-history analyses for quantifying the amount of drift sustained by the URM walls in order that the level of damage can be ascertained.

/pdf/seismic-fragility-curves-for-un-reinforced-masonry-walls-16upl9gfx7.pdf

Seismic fragility curves for un-reinforced masonry walls

This paper presents the progress of collaborative research undertaken jointly by the Universities of Adelaide, Melbourne and Swinburne, as part of a long-term effort to develop state-of-the-art methodology for the seismic assessment and design of unreinforced masonry (URM) structures. The current phase of research is aimed at the problem of out-of-plane failure of two-way panels and can be broadly categorised into several component studies incorporating experimental and analytical work, as follows:

Out-of-plane seismic response of unreinforced masonry walls: An overview of research in Australia

In-situ testing of the shear strength of masonry joints – Proposal for a new Simplified testing approach and Comparison to existing techniques

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Papers

Cyclic testing of unreinforced masonry walls in two-way bending

Seismic fragility curves for un-reinforced masonry walls

Out-of-plane seismic response of unreinforced masonry walls: An overview of research in Australia

In-situ testing of the shear strength of masonry joints – Proposal for a new Simplified testing approach and Comparison to existing techniques