The popliteal artery is a relatively short vascular segment but is affected by a unique set of pathologic conditions. These conditions, which may be common throughout the arterial system or exclusive to the popliteal artery, include atherosclerosis, popliteal artery aneurysm, arterial embolus, trauma, popliteal artery entrapment syndrome, and cystic adventitial disease. The clinical manifestations, imaging appearances, and treatment options associated with these pathologic conditions differ significantly. Consequently, the radiologist should be familiar with these conditions to direct imaging for accurate diagnosis and treatment and to prevent loss of limb.

https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/pdf/10.1148/rg.242035117

Popliteal artery disease: diagnosis and treatment.

Popliteal Arterial Entrapment (PAE) was first reported in 1879 by Stuart, a medical student at the University of Edinburgh. Mr. Stuart observed, during the dissection of an amputated leg of a 64-year-old man, a popliteal artery coursing around the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle and aneurysmal changes in the popliteal artery distal to the point of external muscular compression [1]. The first case of PAE was surgically treated in 1959, in a 12year-old boy complaining of claudication after walking 300 meters. At surgical exploration, Hamming, at Leyden University in The Netherlands, found an occluded artery with an anomalous course medial to the medial gastrocnemius muscle. He transected the muscle and performed a successful popliteal artery thromboendarterectomy [2]. In 1979 Rich et al. published the first series of patients treated for PAE [3]. Many case reports were published in the ensuing years, as well as other small series [4]. Efforts to revise collective series were incomplet for lack of details and patient follow-up [5]. The functional form of entrapment was first described by Rignault et al. in 1985 in a report describes cases in which the anatomy of the popliteal fossa is normal [6].

Popliteal vascular entrapment.

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome: More common than previously recognized

https://www.jvascsurg.org/article/S0741-5214(98)70157-0/pdf

Lower extremity arterial reconstruction in the very elderly: Successful outcome preserves not only the limb but also residential status and ambulatory function ☆ ☆☆ ★

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome.

https://www.jvascsurg.org/article/0741-5214(94)90236-4/pdf

Popliteal vascular compression in a normal population

Inadequacy of diagnosis related group (DRG) reimbursements for limb salvage lower extremity arterial reconstructions

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Popliteal vascular compression in a normal population

Inadequacy of diagnosis related group (DRG) reimbursements for limb salvage lower extremity arterial reconstructions