Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) offer the possibilities to design solar cells with a large flexibility in shape, color, and transparency. DSC research groups have been established around the worl ...

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Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Global energy consumption is projected to increase, even in the face of substantial declines in energy intensity, at least 2-fold by midcentury relative to the present because of population and economic growth. This demand could be met, in principle, from fossil energy resources, particularly coal. However, the cumulative nature of CO2 emissions in the atmosphere demands that holding atmospheric CO2 levels to even twice their preanthropogenic values by midcentury will require invention, development, and deployment of schemes for carbon-neutral energy production on a scale commensurate with, or larger than, the entire present-day energy supply from all sources combined. Among renewable energy resources, solar energy is by far the largest exploitable resource, providing more energy in 1 hour to the earth than all of the energy consumed by humans in an entire year. In view of the intermittency of insolation, if solar energy is to be a major primary energy source, it must be stored and dispatched on demand to the end user. An especially attractive approach is to store solar-converted energy in the form of chemical bonds, i.e., in a photosynthetic process at a year-round average efficiency significantly higher than current plants or algae, to reduce land-area requirements. Scientific challenges involved with this process include schemes to capture and convert solar energy and then store the energy in the form of chemical bonds, producing oxygen from water and a reduced fuel such as hydrogen, methane, methanol, or other hydrocarbon species.

/pdf/powering-the-planet-chemical-challenges-in-solar-energy-1kb0jbsg7k.pdf

Powering the planet: Chemical challenges in solar energy utilization

https://zenodo.org/record/1258475/files/article.pdf

Electron transfers in chemistry and biology

was developed for solving the integral equations obtained from the boundary value problems, and extensive data were calculated which permit construction of stationary electrode polarograms from theory. Correlations of kinetic and experimental parameters made it possible to develop diagnostic criteria so that unknown systems can be characterized by studying the variation of peak current, half-peak potential, or ratio of anodic to cathodic peak currents as a function of rate of voltage scan.

Theory of Stationary Electrode Polarography. Single Scan and Cyclic Methods Applied to Reversible, Irreversible, and Kinetic Systems.

The use of visible light sensitization as a means to initiate organic reactions is attractive due to the lack of visible light absorbance by organic compounds, reducing side reactions often associated with photochemical reactions conducted with high energy UV light. This tutorial review provides a historical overview of visible light photoredox catalysis in organic synthesis along with recent examples which underscore its vast potential to initiate organic transformations.

Visible light photoredox catalysis: applications in organic synthesis

Does one-electron transfer to nickel(II) porphyrins involve the metal or the porphyrin ligand ?

Electrogenerated superoxide ions in dimethylsulfoxide are unreactive toward unactivated haloaromatics such as halobenzenes and naphthalenes. They readily react on aromatic halides activated by electron-withdrawing substituents such as N02 and Ph-CO or on heteroaromatic halides in the pyridine and quinoline series. Excellent yields of the corresponding phenols are then obtained. The analysis of the reaction kinetics on the basis of electrochemical.data pertaining !_o the 02/0~ and ArX/ A'rX-;electron _!ransfer reactions shows that the primary step is not electron transfer from' o; to ArX but rather an SNAr attack of·o· at the functional carbons, the halogen atom being finally converted into the corresponding halide ion. 2

/pdf/nucleophilic-substitution-of-aromatic-halides-by-510ssraf1p.pdf

Nucleophilic substitution of aromatic halides by electrogenerated superoxide ions

Indirect electrochemical reduction, by means of an aromatic anion mediator, of perfluoroalkyl iodides in the presence of purine and pyrimidine anions yields the correspon C-perfluoroalkylated purines and pyrimidines by an S RN 1 mechanism.

Perfluoroalkylation of Purine and Pyrimidine Bases by Electrochemically Induced SRN1 Substitution.

Observation of the Cation Radicals of Pyrrole and of Some Substituted Pyrroles (I) and (II) in Fast‐Scan Cyclic Voltammetry. Standard Potentials and Lifetimes.

The invention relates to a device and a method for detecting the presence of a biological compound in a specimen. The device comprises a detection cell having an internal wall and two electrodes. The internal wall has two portions close together, so as to form a confined space, and an active part which extends into said confined space and onto which a biological capture substance is adsorbed. According to the invention, said wall portions can move relative to each other between an open position, in which the wall portions are apart, and a closed position, in which the wall portions are close together. Said active part is provided on one of said wall portions, while said portions are carried into said closed position in order to form said confined space.

Method and device for the electrochemical detection of a biological compound

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