. Oxelius, V. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden). IgG subclass levels in infancy and childhood. Acta Paediatr Scand, 68: 23, 1979.—The concentrations of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 were determined by electroimmunoassay in 10 pairs of maternal and cord sera and in sera of 162 healthy children, aged 6 weeks to 15 years. Specific rabbit antisera against the IgG subclasses were used. The content of the normal serum pool WHO 67/97 was used as reference. The mean value, standard deviation and normal range of each IgG subclass were calculated for each age group and compared with the adult values. All IgG subclasses were present in cord serum except for IgG4 in those cases where also the maternal serum lacked demonstrable IgG4. The IgG subclasses followed the pattern of total IgG with a fall during the first 3–6 months and a subsequent gradual rise with age. The IgG1 and IgG3 levels rose faster with age than IgG2 and IgG4. Adult levels were not reached before puberty. No IgG4 was detectable in 12–21% of the children above 7 years of age.

IgG SUBCLASS LEVELS IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD

Common variable immunodeficiency disorders in children: delayed diagnosis despite typical clinical presentation.

The concentration of the four subclasses of IgG was determined in sera of normal adults and healthy children between 4 and 12 years of age, using the radial immunodiffusion technique. A relation between the concentration of IgG subclasses and Gm type was studied in adults. No influence of Gm type on IgG1 concentration could be shown, except that the group of Gm(fb) individuals had a higher level than the others. The mean concentration of IgG2 was higher in sera positive for Gm(n) than in those lacking this genetic marker. High IgG3 concentrations corresponded to the presence of Gm(b). No clearcut evidence was obtained for a relation between IgG4 concentration and Gm factors, although in general Gm(n) positive individuals had higher and Gm (zag) positive individuals lower concentrations of this subclass in their serum. Quantification of IgG subclasses in sera from healthy children of different ages revealed that the amount of IgG2 rises slowly with age, having not yet reached the adult level at the age of 12 years. This also holds for IgG4, although in a lesser degree. No significant differences from the adult level were found for the concentrations of IgG1 and IgG3.

Quantification of IgG subclasses in sera of normal adults and healthy children between 4 and 12 years of age.

A prospective clinical and laboratory study was performed in thirty-four patients (twenty-two blacks, ten Puerto Ricans, and two whites) who had slipped capital femoral epiphysis in fifty-two hips. Although the majority of the laboratory studies were normal, all patients showed significant elevations of the serum immunoglobulins and C3 component of complement, with the highest values recorded for IgA. Urinary glycosaminoglycans were elevated in the few patients studied and increased proportionally with the duration of the disease. Nine (25 per cent) of the thirty-four patients had chondrolysis in thirteen hips. The male:female ratio in these nine patients was 0.8:1, compared with the ratio of 1.4:1 in all thirty-four patients. No additional biochemical abnormality was found in the patients with chondrolysis except for a greater elevation of the IgM fraction. These preliminary and tentative data suggest either that slipping of an epiphysis produces an antigen which induces an autoimmune state or that slipping is a localized manifestation of a generalized process resembling some form of connective-tissue disorder or inflammatory state. There is presumably a genetically determined sub-group of patients with this disorder who may have chondrolysis.

Biochemical abnormalities in patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis and chondrolysis

Publisher Summary Secretory immunity is a factor in the local immunity of organs and tissues that are in contact with the environment. A considerable number of specific and nonspecific host factors determine resistance to influenza infection. These factors include antibodies, interferon, and nonspecific inhibitors in blood sera and respiratory tract secretions. Specific cellular immunity also plays a part in resistance to influenza. The main function of local immunity is its participation in maintaining homeostasis in the organism. This chapter focusses on the laws governing the formation of secretory antibodies after immunization and infection, the importance of secretory antibodies in protection against influenza, and the immunobiological properties of secretory anti-influenza antibodies. The chapter describes biochemical and immunological methods used in studying secretory immunity. Circulating anti-influenza antibodies prevent the general symptoms of influenza caused by toxicity. They affect the reproduction of influenza virus in the mucous membranes in the respiratory tract and, therefore, its circulation in the human population. Secretory antibodies, if contained in sufficient concentrations, can protect against infection. The level of secretory antibodies is the moving force in the drift of influenza virus surface antigens and in the elimination of old variants after epidemics. The most reliable protection against influenza infection is provided by the synergic interaction of secretory and circulating antibodies. The chapter also provides an account for nonspecific secretory inhibitors of influenza virus.

Secretory anti-influenza immunity.

Quantitation of immunoglobulins in normal children.

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Quantitation of immunoglobulins in normal children.