Examines the motivation for achievement as a psychological factor that shapes economic development. Refuting arguments based on race, climate, or population growth, the book instead argues for cultural customs and motivations - especially the motivation for achievement - as the major catalysts of economic growth. Considering the Protestant Reformation, the rise of capitalism, parents' influences on sons, and folklore and children's stories as shaping cultural motivations for achievement, the book hypothesizes that a high level of achievement motivation precedes economic growth. This is supported through qualitative analysis of the achievement motive, as well as of other psychological factors - including entrepreneurial behavior and characteristics, and available sources of achievement in past and present highly achieving societies. It is the achievement motive - and not merely the profit motive or the desire for material gain - that has advanced societies economically. Consequently, individuals are not merely products of their environment, as many social scientists have asserted, but also creators of the environment, as they manipulate it in various ways in the search for achievement. Finally, a plan is hypothesized to accelerate economic growth in developing countries, by encouraging and supplementing their achievement motives through mobilizing the greater achievement resources of developed countries. The conclusion is not just that motivations shape economic progress, but that current influences on future people's motivations and values will determine economic growth in the long run. Thus, it is most beneficial for a society to concentrate its resources on creating an environment conducive to entrepreneurship and a strong ideological base for achievement. (CJC)

The Achieving Society

Innovation, entrepreneurial, knowledge, and business ecosystems: Old wine in new bottles?

This study aims to investigate the effects of corporate board and audit committee characteristics and ownership structures on market-based financial performance of listed firms in Thailand.,It applies system GMM (generalized method of moments) as the baseline estimator approach, and ordinary least squares and fixed effects for robustness checks on a sample of 452 firms listed on the Thai Stock Exchange for the period 2000-2016.,Relying mainly on the system GMM estimator, the empirical results indicate some emerging trends in the Thai economy. Contrary to expectations for an emerging market and prior research findings, ownership structures, particularly ownership concentration and family ownership, appear to have no significant influence on market-based firm performance, while managerial ownership exerts a positive effect on performance. Moreover, as expected, board structure variables such as board independence; size; meeting and dual role; and audit committee meeting show significant explanatory power on market-based firm performance in Thai firms.,These findings are important for policymakers in constructing an appropriate set of governance mechanisms in an emerging market context, and for corporate entities and investors in shaping their understanding of corporate governance in the Thai institutional context.,Unlike previous literature on the Thai market, this study is the first to use the more advanced econometric method known as system GMM estimator for addressing causality/endogeneity issues in governance–performance relationships. The findings indicate new trends in the explanatory power of ownership structure variables on market-based firm performance in Thai-listed firms.

Board, audit committee, ownership and financial performance – emerging trends from Thailand

Stakeholder theory has thus far received limited attention in the context of entrepreneurship education and university management. This paper addresses this research gap by examining the collaboration of stakeholders from the entrepreneurial ecosystem in entrepreneurship education at European higher educational institutions (HEIs). We contribute to existing research by combining literature streams from the fields of entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial ecosystems and stakeholder theory. Empirical research is based on a cross-case analysis of 20 HEIs from 19 different European countries. Data sources include next to secondary data and observation a total 216 interviews with entrepreneurship education stakeholders at these 20 HEIs. The results of the case studies are further validated through an independent peer group and through 14 interviews with international experts in entrepreneurship education. Based on this data, an overview of the key external stakeholder groups of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of HEIs and their forms of involvement in entrepreneurship education is provided. Furthermore, the strength and coordination of stakeholder collaboration and the overall approaches to stakeholder management are discussed. This analysis results in the development of a set of propositions on stakeholder involvement in the context of entrepreneurship education at HEIs. The findings of this paper highlight the importance of stakeholder collaboration from the entrepreneurial ecosystem at HEIs. Implications of the findings for entrepreneurship educators and university management are ultimately discussed along with suggestions for further research.

Stakeholder collaboration in entrepreneurship education: an analysis of the entrepreneurial ecosystems of European higher educational institutions

Software startup companies develop innovative, software-intensive products within limited timeframes and with few resources, searching for sustainable and scalable business models. Software startup ...

/pdf/software-startups-a-research-agenda-16dpzk02zy.pdf

Software Startups - A Research Agenda

Are entrepreneurs born or made? Until 1985, research was focused more on personality traits and characteristics as it was generally believed that psychological factors, intrinsic to humans, had a significant influence on the individual’s decision to become an entrepreneur. Subsequently, increasing evidence surfaced to suggest that environmental factors also played a contributing role in the decision making process to establish startup ventures. This paper attempts to develop a conceptual framework of the ecosystem which would motivate individuals to start new businesses.  A theoretical framework has been developed on the basis of literature review and discussions with entrepreneurs. The qualitative case was developed through in-depth interviews and a pilot study was used to test the ecosystem factors. Eight factors, comprising the ecosystem, were found to influence the decision of an individual to choose the path of entrepreneurship - Moral, Financial, Technology, Market, Social, Network, Government and Environmental Support. Keywords: Ecosystem – Entrepreneurship – Environmental factors  - Environmental support

/pdf/entrepreneurial-ecosystem-case-study-on-the-influence-of-qi1mxzbbsd.pdf

Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: Case Study on the Influence of Environmental Factors on Entrepreneurial Success

On Leadership there are various theories developed. One amongst them is a personality trait theory which is built on inherent internal characteristics. There is no one answer on “Do inborn preferences influence leadership style?” There are tools like Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to measure the leadership traits. The personality types influences the leadership styles which leads to appropriate, under or over leading and the readiness of the followers to receive the direction. An effective leadership style can be developed on the basis of understanding of the situations. This paper develops a conceptual model about the relationship and an empirical study. Data was collected from managers trained in Situational Leadership which consisted of an independent training on Meyers and Brigs type indicator to understand their preferences and a 360 degree feedback on their leadership styles .The results confirmed the modern theory that leadership is not only inborn but can be developed if one focuses on the inborn preferences.

/pdf/effective-leadership-styles-32bk2yrtw3.pdf

Effective Leadership Styles

With India transforming into a more service and customer oriented economy, there is a need to augment the conventional financial measures with customer based metrics. Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) is one such solution, which is a customer-based satisfaction benchmarking system and a standard metric widely implemented in the United States and Europe. The objective of this study was to apply the CSI as a performance evaluation metric in the Indian e-banking context. In the present study, the Customer Satisfaction Index for E-Banking (CSI-EB) model was developed with indigenous measurement scales which were derived by applying focus group technique and the model was then validated using the structural equation modelling (SEM) technique. The results showed perceived quality and perceived value as the antecedents of customer satisfaction; while customer complaints and customer loyalty as its consequences. The CSI-EB score computed was 70.7 indicating that the respondents were fairly satisfied with the e-banking services. JEL Classification: M10 Keywords: customer satisfaction index; e-banking; perceived quality; perceived value; customer complaints; customer loyalty I. INTRODUCTION Performance evaluation is imperative to provide a true and fair picture of the financial health of an organization (Debasish, 2006). The performance evaluation system of businesses in India has been traditionally based on financial indicators which are criticized for being historic and lacking a futuristic outlook (Anand et al., 2005). The drawback of the financial measures is that they are lagging indicators of performance and do not focus on customer needs and satisfaction (Pandey, 2005). Hence, the focus shifted to quality and customer-based metrics to facilitate a more integrated and balanced approaches to performance measurement (Bititci et al., 2012). Since it is generic and universally measurable, customer satisfaction is the most commonly applied metric of the various non-financial customer metrics used by firms (Gupta and Zeithaml, 2006). Customer satisfaction measures are proved to be key indicators of customer retention, purchase behaviour, revenue growth and financial performance (Ittner and Larcker, 1998; Chenhall and Langfield-Smith, 2007). Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) is one such non-financial measure used for quantifying and improving customer satisfaction across firms and industries (Fornellet al., 1996). The national CSIs such as American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) and European Customer Satisfaction Index (ECSI) are the widely established indices used to frequently monitor the health of the economy, industries and individual firms (Neely, 1999; European Performance Satisfaction Index [EPSI] Report, 2007). They act as a complement to traditional indices such as price and productivity metrics (Fornell et al., 1996). Since there is no such standard metric for qualitative performance evaluation in India, an initiative was made through this study to develop and validate the Customer Satisfaction Index for E-Banking (CSI-EB) model in the Indian context. Following the first section of Introduction, the second section briefly reviews the existing national CSIs and their applications in different regions and contexts. The third section describes the objective of the present study. The fourth section presents the conceptual framework and the variables used for this study. The fifth section elaborates the research methodology that was used to develop and validate the proposed CSI-EB conceptual model. The sixth section presents the analysis of study results and the final section comprises of concluding remarks followed by managerial implications and directions for further research. II. LITERATURE REVIEW With the changing economy, performance measures must also change. The research on performance measures underwent an evolution with the establishment of customer satisfaction indices at national level. …

Customer Satisfaction Index as A Performance Evaluation Metric: A Study on Indian E-Banking Industry

The burden on automotive companies to embrace green processes has increased significantly in recent years. A review of the existing literature has highlighted a need to understand how green supply chain management (GSCM) practices can contribute to improving company performance from environmental, economic and operational. This research aims to test the relationship between GSCM practices and performance for those companies adopted or planning to adopt GSCM in an emerging economy such as India. Outcome of the testing shows GSCM practices varies against companies' performance. It implies that companies appear to have unsuccessful to understand the link between GSCM practices and performance.

Green supply chain management in Indian automotive sector

Climate change is one of the most critical global challenges of our times. With the drastic consequences visible worldwide, it is the need of the hour to combat this crisis and a large scale adoption of renewable energy is one of the promising solutions. In this fight against climate change, the youth play a vital role since they are the next generation and inherit the responsibility to build a sustainable future. Research in the area of youth and specifically students' conceptions regarding geo-science phenomena is lacking in India. Hence, the present study aimed to examine the students' awareness about climate change and renewable energy. It also intended to analyze the key factors that influence their intention to use renewable energy. The study sample consisted of 124 students from SRM University in Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu. The research findings showed that a majority of the respondents were aware of climate change and renewable energy technology; but it was superficial. However, 30% of the respondents were willing to use renewable energy in the future. The results revealed that awareness, perception of usefulness and ease of using technology, and behavioural control were important factors affecting respondents' intention to adopt renewable energy. Based on these findings, we make certain recommendations to foster knowledge and enthusiasm among the younger generation to make them more participative in the fight against climate change.

Green Affinity : Evaluating the Perceptions of Youth on Climate Change and Renewable Energy

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