A grammar of spoken Chinese = 中國話的文法

resonance superimposed on both the usual of the is addition, the articulation and voicing of voiced consonants. be out, to or and, together specific prosodic most characteristic distinguishing European

Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet

This publication represents a collection of theoretical and experimental papers presented at the 1981 Vocal Fold Physiology Conference conducted in Madison, Wis. This is the second such international conference, the first being held in 1980 at Kurume (Japan) University. The present conference represented a collaborative effort among participants selected from varied backgrounds, eg, linguistics, neurophysiology, engineering, for the purpose of disseminating recent data and stimulating new concepts for research on voice production. The book is divided into eight sections. Section 1 discusses the morphology of the laryngeal system. In Section 2, neural mechanisms of laryngeal motor control are presented. Section 3 is concerned with aerodynamics, while section 4 develops the relationship of glottal waveform to underlying physiological parameters. Section 5 covers techniques for observations of the larynx, including high-speed motion pictures, stereoendoscopy, and electroglottography. Sections 6 and 7 cover pitch-changing mechanisms and discuss the puzzle of the singer's formant. The

Vocal Fold Physiology: Contemporary Research and Clinical Issues,

Large individual differences in spoken word recognition performance have been found in deaf children after cochlear implantation. Recently, Pisoni and Geers (2000) reported that simple forward digit span measures of verbal working memory were significantly correlated with spoken word recognition scores even after potentially confounding variables were statistically controlled for. The present study replicates and extends these initial findings to the full set of 176 participants in the CID cochlear implant study. The pooled data indicate that despite statistical "partialling-out" of differences in chronological age, communication mode, duration of deafness, duration of device use, age at onset of deafness, number of active electrodes, and speech feature discrimination, significant correlations still remain between digit span and several measures of spoken word recognition. Strong correlations were also observed between speaking rate and both forward and backward digit span, a result that is similar to previously reported findings in normal-hearing adults and children. The results suggest that perhaps as much as 20% of the currently unexplained variance in spoken word recognition scores may be independently accounted for by individual differences in cognitive factors related to the speed and efficiency with which phonological and lexical representations of spoken words are maintained in and retrieved from working memory. A smaller percentage, perhaps about 7% of the currently unexplained variance in spoken word recognition scores, may be accounted for in terms of working memory capacity. We discuss how these relationships may arise and their contribution to subsequent speech and language development in prelingually deaf children who use cochlear implants.

/pdf/measures-of-working-memory-span-and-verbal-rehearsal-speed-2hydmbywub.pdf

Measures of working memory span and verbal rehearsal speed in deaf children after cochlear implantation.

This study focused on the long-term speech perception performances of 34 prelingually deafened children who received multichannel cochlear implants manufactured by Cochlear Corporation. The childre...

/pdf/cochlear-implant-use-by-prelingually-deafened-children-the-13zmke1hoi.pdf

Cochlear Implant Use by Prelingually Deafened Children: The Influences of Age at Implant and Length of Device Use

A picture identification test for measuring speech discrimination ability in hearing-impaired children was developed in two phases. In the first phase the word stimuli were evaluated to determine whether they were within the recognition vocabulary of the children and whether the pictorial representations of the words were adequate. Before the second phase, the test was revised to consist of 25 plates with 6 pictures on each plate, with only 4 of the pictures on each plate used as test stimuli. These 4 lists were given to 61 hearing-impaired children on two separate occasions. The results indicate reliability coefficients in excess of 0.87 for all four lists, with mean differences of less than 3% and correlation coefficients between lists greater than 0.84. The test appears to be a potentially valuable clinical tool in pediatric audiology. We call it the Word Intelligibility by Picture Identification test (WIPI).

A picture identification test for hearing-impaired children.

/pdf/a-picture-identification-test-for-hearing-impaired-children-17snydqfsy.pdf

A Picture-Identification Test for Hearing-Impaired Children. Final Report.

Word Intelligibility by Picture Identification.

The influence of gender and environmental setting on voice onset time (VOT) was examined. Participants produced six stop consonants paired with three vowels in a consonant + vowel (CV) context. Recordings were made when participants were seated inside a sound booth (laboratory setting) and outside a sound booth (non-laboratory setting). Results of the analysis for VOT and CV duration indicated that females produced voiceless stops with significantly longer VOT durations than males in both settings. Both gender groups produced CV tokens with significantly longer duration in the laboratory setting; however, females continued to produce CV tokens with longer duration in the non-laboratory setting. Findings suggest that differences in the vocal anatomy between genders may account for some but not all differences in temporal measures of speech production. Sociophonetic factors, such as speaking style, may also contribute to gender differences in speaking behavior.

Influence of gender and environmental setting on voice onset time.

Acoustic characteristics of American English sentence stress produced by native Mandarin speakers are reported. Fundamental frequency (F0), vowel duration, and vowel intensity in the sentence-level stress produced by 40 Mandarin speakers were compared to those of 40 American English speakers. Results obtained from two methods of stress calculation indicated that Mandarin speakers of American English are able to differentiate stressed and unstressed words according to features of F0, duration, and intensity. Although the group of Mandarin speakers were able to signal stress in their sentence productions, the acoustic characteristics of stress were not identical to the American speakers. Mandarin speakers were found to produce stressed words with a significantly higher F0 and shorter duration compared to the American speakers. The groups also differed in production of unstressed words with Mandarin speakers using a higher F0 and greater intensity compared to American speakers. Although the acoustic differences observed may reflect an interference of L1 Mandarin in the production of L2 American English, the outcome of this study suggests no critical divergence between these speakers in the way they implement American English sentence stress.

http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~sbenus/Research/L2_Intonation/Chen_et_al_JASA.pdf

A study of sentence stress production in mandarin speakers of American English

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