The effect of temperature on the crystallization of α, β, and γ phases of PVDF from dimethylacetamide (DMA) solution was studied. Variation in the crystallinity content of these three phases was obtained as a function of temperature using infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and x-ray diffraction techniques. Such variation is related to the dependence of the crystallization rate of each phase with temperature, and allowed a better understanding of some results found in the literature about the crystallization and interconversion of these phases. Micrographs of samples present morphologies that corroborate with the proposed explanations. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Effect of crystallization temperature on the crystalline phase content and morphology of poly(vinylidene fluoride)

Dramatic Enhancements in Toughness of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanocomposites via Nanoclay‐Directed Crystal Structure and Morphology

Piezoelectric β-polymorph formation and properties enhancement in graphene oxide – PVDF nanocomposite films

This chapter presents an extensive review of the important ferroelectric polymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride). Covered topics include: polymerization, molecular structure, and defects; dilute-solution properties; crystalline structure of the various polymorphic phases, crystallization, and morphology; polymorphic transitions induced through a variety of means (e.g. thermal, mechanical, electrical); relaxational characteristics; melting behaviour and thermal degradation; ferroelectric properties, with emphasis on piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity; copolymers and compatible blends with other polymers and general engineering properties and uses.

Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)

A method with good precision has been developed to quantitatively measure the degree of α-, β-, and γ crystallinity in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) by means of infrared spectroscopy. The phase composition of solution-deposited PVDF films was found to be strongly influenced by the presence of hydrophilic residues on the silicon substrate, the relative humidity present at film deposition, the spatial position on the substrate, and the thermal treatment of the deposited film. Films produced on pristine surfaces gave predominantly α-phase PVDF, but when a layer of polar solvent (acetone or methanol) remained on the surface, the films produced were predominantly γ phase. Higher humidity promoted a higher fraction of γ crystallinity in the solution-deposited PVDF films. Solution-cast films had highly variable composition across the substrate, whereas spin-cast films were uniform. High-temperature annealing of PVDF films normally converts the polymer to the γ phase, but annealing the film while still attached to the silicon substrate inhibited this phase transformation. Low-temperature annealing of freestanding films led to a previously unreported thermal event in the DSC, a premelting process that is a kinetic event, assigned to a crystalline relaxation. Higher-temperature annealing gave a double endotherm, assigned to melting of different-sized crystalline domains. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1093–1100, 2003

Determination of the crystalline phases of poly(vinylidene fluoride) under different preparation conditions using differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/pol.1976.180141216

Single crystals of poly(vinylidene fluoride)

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Single crystals of poly(vinylidene fluoride)