A systematic literature review of blockchain-based applications: Current status, classification and open issues

https://escholarship.org/content/qt3fb8208d/qt3fb8208d.pdf?t=qamhzk

Blockchain distributed ledger technologies for biomedical and health care applications

Blockchain technologies is one of the most popular issue in recent years, it has already changed people's lifestyle in some area due to its great influence on many business or industry, and what it can do will still continue cause impact in many places Although the feature of blockchain technologies may bring us more reliable and convenient services, the security issues and challenges behind this innovative technique is also an important topic that we need to concern

/pdf/a-survey-of-blockchain-security-issues-and-challenges-4cohlff4n0.pdf

A Survey of Blockchain Security Issues and Challenges

In recent years, the rapid development of cryptocurrencies and their underlying blockchain technology has revived Szabo’s original idea of smart contracts, i.e., computer protocols that are designed to automatically facilitate, verify, and enforce the negotiation and implementation of digital contracts without central authorities. Smart contracts can find a wide spectrum of potential application scenarios in the digital economy and intelligent industries, including financial services, management, healthcare, and Internet of Things, among others, and also have been integrated into the mainstream blockchain-based development platforms, such as Ethereum and Hyperledger. However, smart contracts are still far from mature, and major technical challenges such as security and privacy issues are still awaiting further research efforts. For instance, the most notorious case might be “The DAO Attack” in June 2016, which led to more than $50 million Ether transferred into an adversary’s account. In this paper, we strive to present a systematic and comprehensive overview of blockchain-enabled smart contracts, aiming at stimulating further research toward this emerging research area. We first introduced the operating mechanism and mainstream platforms of blockchain-enabled smart contracts, and proposed a research framework for smart contracts based on a novel six-layer architecture. Second, both the technical and legal challenges, as well as the recent research progresses, are listed. Third, we presented several typical application scenarios. Toward the end, we discussed the future development trends of smart contracts. This paper is aimed at providing helpful guidance and reference for future research efforts.

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contracts: Architecture, Applications, and Future Trends

Thank you for downloading computers and intractability a guide to the theory of np completeness. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite books like this computers and intractability a guide to the theory of np completeness, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer.

Computers And Intractability A Guide To The Theory Of Np Completeness

A new mechanism is proposed for securing a blockchain applied to contracts management such as digital rights management. This mechanism includes a new consensus method using a credibility score and creates a hybrid blockchain by alternately using this new method and proof-of-stake. This makes it possible to prevent an attacker from monopolizing resources and to keep securing blockchains.

Blockchain contract: Securing a blockchain applied to smart contracts

A proposal is made to use blockchain technology for recording contracts. A new protocol using the technology is described that makes it possible to confirm that contractor consent has been obtained and to archive the contractual document in the blockchain.

Blockchain contract: A complete consensus using blockchain

We propose a concept for a new rights management system based on the blockchain technology, which is famous for supporting the reliability of the bitcoin. We clarify problems that occur when we apply the blockchain technology to the rights management system, and we also describe our trial implementation.

BRIGHT: A concept for a decentralized rights management system based on blockchain

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are one part of smart cities aimed at efficient public transport, smart parking, enhanced road safety, intelligent traffic management, on-vehicle entertainment, and so on. In ITS, roadside unit (RSU) deployment should be well designed because RSUs act as service providers and gateways to the Internet for vehicular users. The authors’ RSU deployment strategy simultaneously maximizes the communication coverage and reduces the energy consumption of RSUs. They first formulate a multiobjective optimization RSU deployment problem and solve it through an evolutionary algorithm. Then they conduct extensive simulations; results demonstrate that the proposed strategy significantly improves both energy efficiency and network connectivity.

/pdf/smart-infrastructure-design-for-smart-cities-3550xu6r1w.pdf

Smart Infrastructure Design for Smart Cities

Blockchain technology has positively impacted traceability across various industries such as logistics and shipping. By overcoming the problem of data silos among organizations and concentration of authority, this innovative approach allows a decentralized and tamper-resistant ledger to be built. On the other hand, the use of non-fungible tokens, a new concept for projecting digital and physical goods on a blockchain, is expected to be able to represent complicated operations in traceability systems. However, the existing token design lacks an efficient model for retrieval of past histories. The most popular way to retrieve past information on tokens is to use blockchain explorers, which are centralized trusted parties. Otherwise, so far there is only a naive way to examine all block headers, and it takes a vast amount of time. Our preliminary study shows that the processing time for retrieving all histories of 1,030 tokens on the Ethereum mainnet takes approximately 57 minutes. We propose a new token design based on a directed acyclic graph (DAG) that allows token histories to be efficiently explored without examining the whole blockchain. The model associates each state of the token from past to latest and covers expressions of relationships between tokens, such as merge and split. Our implementation and evaluation reveal that the DAG-based token design significantly improves the efficiency of exploring token transfer histories. The results show that our method can complete the exploration for 1,030 tokens in a matter of seconds and maintains performance over the long term even if the blockchain grows.

Enhancing Blockchain Traceability with DAG-Based Tokens

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