Aloe vera is used for its large variety of biological activities such as wound healing, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, gastroprotective, and anti-cancer. Although the beneficial effects of Aloe vera on wound healing have been proven, little is known about its effects at the cellular level. In this study, we evaluated the angiogenic and migrative effects of Aloe vera gel on fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Fibroblasts and endothelial cells were cultured in monolayer conditions with low glucose DMEM with 10% serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin. Fresh and mature leaves of Aloe vera were used for gel preparation. Cell proliferation and morphology were studied by an inverted microscope. The migration of fibroblasts was assessed by scratch assay. MTT assay was performed for cell viability assessment, and real-time RT-PCR was used for evaluation of PECAM-1, integrin α1 and β1 transcription. After two days, the protein level of PECAM-1 was detected by flow cytometry. Our results showed that Aloe vera has a higher proliferative effect on fibroblasts in comparison with endothelial cells. Aloe vera also induced the migration of fibroblasts. The viability of both types of cells was similar to control ones. Integrin α1, β1 and PECAM-1 gene expression increased significantly (P <0.005) in Aloe vera treated fibroblasts and endothelial cells in comparison with the control groups. However, the expression of these genes was significantly higher in fibroblasts in comparison with endothelial cells. Protein levels of PECAM-1 showed no change in both cell types upon Aloe vera treatment. Aloe vera gel induced angiogenic and cell adhesion properties in fibroblasts more than endothelial cells. Further investigations are needed to show the main role of fibroblasts rather than endothelial cells in wound healing by Aloe vera administration.

Differential Biological Behavior of Fibroblasts and Endothelial Cells under Aloe Vera Gel Culturing

A new insight in immunomodulatory impact of botanicals in treating avian coccidiosis

Aloe vera belongs to the family of Asphodelaceae, the oldest medicinal herb ever found and the world's most common medicinal plant. It is known as Ghritkumari, is used in medicine sources of homeopathy, ayurvedic, and allopathy. The species is a good source of repository of chemical ingredients that shows a precise range of biological activities such as wound healing, burn treatment, mitigating frost bite damage, defense against, lung cancer, intestinal problems, x-ray damage to the body, raising and decreasing high density and low lipoprotein content, reduction of diabetic blood sugar, battle against acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and strengthening of the immune system. Aloe vera leaves are used to create drinks, perfume, skin lotion, cosmetics, or ointments. The plant's key ingredients are different kinds of vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, saponins, amino acids, and salicylic acids. The plant is a good source of antioxidants. It also contains folic acid and vitamin A, C, E and B12. Aloe vera gel includes important ingredients, including the essential amino acids required by the human body. The plant can be used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry. This research article is an effort towards Aloe Vera's industrial and ethnobotanical characteristics.

/pdf/pharmaceutical-therapeutically-and-nutraceutical-potential-4py3msdf74.pdf

Pharmaceutical, Therapeutically and Nutraceutical Potential of Aloe Vera: A Mini-review

Coccidiosis is an acute gastrointestinal parasitic disease and causes approximately $2.80 to $3.27 per m2 loss in a broiler farm of a 33-day-old flock. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were green synthesized using the aqueous leaf extract of Ficus racemosa as a reducing and capping agent to reduce the emerging resistance in coccidia spores against conventional treatments and boost the immune level in broilers. These IONPs were evaluated for their impacts on the growth performance, biochemistry, blood profile, and histology in the coccidiodized broiler chicken with Emeria tenella under in vivo conditions. The characteristics and stability of particles were obtained using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray absorption (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential and zeta size. The results indicated that IONPs at the moderate dose of 15 mg/kg (p = 0.001) reduced the coccidial impacts by eliminating oocyst shedding per gram feces (up to 91%) and reducing clinical symptoms (lesions (LS = 0), bloody diarrhea (No), and mortality (0%) in chicken at day 10 of treatment as compared to the negative control group-B (infected & non-treated). A dose-dependent and time-dependent trend were observed during treatments (10, 15, and 20 mg/kg) of 1-3 weeks using IONPs against the coccidial impacts on the growth parameters (body weight gain, mean feed consumption, feed conversion ratio) and biochemistry (plasma glucose, total protein, uric acid, ALT, AST, and ALP) in chickens. Additionally, F. racemosa IONPs at a dose of 15 and 20 mg/kg significantly recovered the parasitized and highly damaged hepatocytes, liver tissues, and ceca tissues after 1-3 weeks of treatment in broiler chickens. Overall, the 15 mg/kg concentration of IONPs exhibited fast recovery and growth enhancement in coccidiodized broilers. Therefore, the 15 mg/kg dose of green synthesized IONPs using leaf extract of F. racemosa could be a potential and safe anticoccidial agent with targeted implications in the poultry industry. 

In-vivo anticoccidial efficacy of green synthesized iron-oxide nanoparticles using Ficus racemosa Linn leaf extract. (Moraceae) against Emeria tenella infection in broiler chicks.

Background and Aim Staphylococcus pyoderma is a common problem in dogs that need a novel treatment rather than antibiotic therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) gel ointment on dogs' Staphylococcus pyoderma compared to gentamicin ointment. Materials and Methods The inhibition zone of A. vera extract 20% and 40% and gentamicin 1% against Staphylococcus aureus was determined on well diffusion agar. Twenty Baladi local breed dogs were used as control negative group before intradermal inoculation with 105 CFU S. aureus. The animals were classified into four equal groups, control positive group without treatment (n=5), treated groups by 20% A. vera gel ointment (n=5), 40% A. vera gel ointment (n=5), and gentamicin ointment 1% (n=5). Topical application of A. vera and gentamicin ointments was carried out twice daily for 2 weeks until complete healing of dogs' pyoderma. Clinical evaluation was recorded. Inflammatory, oxidant, and antioxidant parameters were measured in serum. Results The inhibition zone of A. vera extracts 20% and 40% was 19 mm and 23 mm, respectively, while gentamicin 1% was 18 mm. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (of A. vera 20% and 40% were 13.70 with R2=0.98. Dogs' pyoderma treated with A. vera gel ointment 20% and 40% were more likely to have low haptoglobin and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations than gentamicin 1% ([odds ratio [OR]=4.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.31-17.40; p<0.05]; [OR=5.2; 95% CI=1.04-22.30; p<0.05]), respectively. Conclusion It seems evident that A. vera has therapeutic effect, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects against dogs' staphylococcal pyoderma than gentamicin that would support its further use rather than antibiotics in one health arena.

/pdf/the-therapeutic-efficacy-of-aloe-vera-gel-ointment-on-14bdcwhc3m.pdf

The therapeutic efficacy of Aloe vera gel ointment on staphylococcal pyoderma in dogs.

Herbal plants and their derivatives have been utilized since antiquity in the control and managementof poultry coccidiosis. The best known herbal plants in use against coccidiosis are corn, wheat bran, ricebran, polysaccharides, soya bean, barley, oat, extracts of grape seed, Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz, Pulsatillakoreana, Sinomenium acutum, Ulmus macrocarpa, Dichroafe brifuga and other botanical antioxidantswhich contain many active compounds. These compounds have been found to possess antiprotozoal, anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Currently demand and utilization of these aforesaidherbs has increased because these have been proved successful and effective in control of coccidiosis, eco-friendly and economical. The effective potential of these herbals and derivatives to have been reviewedovercome coccidiosis effectively in a better way than other synthetic products against which resistancehas been developed.

Role of Herbal Immunomodulators in Control of Coccidiosis Disease

Solitary nodules are a typical thyroid disease appearance. Solitary thyroid nodules are little swellings that are ordinarily impalpable glands. Solitary thyroid nodules are typically benign. With a mean age of 35 years, ladies are more likely than males to develop cancer (10–20%). An endocrine gland called the thyroid is located in the lower front and sides of the neck. Its primary purpose is to regulate basal metabolic rate. It also promotes somatic and psychic growth and is crucial for calcium metabolism. The identification, examination, and treatment of thyroid nodules can be difficult. These lumps frequently develop near the thyroid gland's border and are enormous in size, causing them to feel or seem like a lump in front of the neck. A multitude of variables, including age, sex, food, iodine deficiency, and even therapeutic and ambient radiation exposure, affect the occurrence of these nodules in a given population. This study was conducted in hospital of Dera Ismail Khan, KPK,Pakistan to determine the prevalence of solitary thyroid nodules in patinets admitted in the hospital. The results indicates that females between the ages of 26 and 30 are more likely to have thyroid nodules. Swelling at the front of the lower neck is the most frequent presenting ailment. The majority of patients presented between 6 months and 3 years after the edoema first appeared. The sensitivity and specificity of FNAC in the current investigation were 92% and 98%, respectively, while sensitivity and specificity of USG were 70 and 90%, respectively. Histopathology verified all malignant tumours on FNAC, demonstrating its superiority. USG and FNAC aids in proper management planning as a result, preventing the need for additional surgery. Keywords: Solitary thyroid nodule; Thyroid neoplasm; Neck swelling; Body mass index; Pakistan

/pdf/prevalence-of-solitary-thyroid-nodule-in-patients-admitted-1q9iaxgg.pdf

Prevalence of Solitary Thyroid Nodule in Patients Admitted in Hospital of Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan

One of the most frequent issues humans have had to deal with from the beginning of time is a knee injury. Knee injuries caused by a variety of diseases, from acute to degenerative, can affect the articular cartilage. The trauma, infection, or inflammation caused this injury. In these circumstances, a full clinical examination is not possible since the patients are in too much pain to cooperate. Then non-invasive multiplanar imaging and MRI come into play. The objective of the current study was to assess knee joint injuries using MRI and correlate those findings with arthroscopy. A total number of 225 participants were involved in this study, among them, 175 had issues with a knee injury. The patients referred with a history of knee injury were imaged with a 1.5 Tesla MRI machine. Most patients were between the ages of 35-40 years. The most frequent injuries found in the study were bone contusions, joint effusions, anterior cruciate ligament tears, and tears of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus. The accuracy percentage of ACL, PCL, LCL and MCL were 93, 100, 94.02 and 91.34%, respectively. Due to its great soft tissue contrast resolution and multiplanar imaging capabilities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a superior non-invasive investigative method for knee injuries. This allows for the most thorough evaluation of a variety of soft tissue knee joint problems. Keywords: Knee joint injury; Magnetic resonance imaging; Arthroscopy;

/pdf/evaluation-of-knee-joint-injuries-with-magnetic-resonance-22482ls8.pdf

Evaluation of Knee Joint Injuries with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Correlation with Arthroscopy

Babesiosis is endemic in Pakistan and is one of the most important bovine diseases that cause huge economic losses and high mortality in young animals. A hematobiochemical study was conducted to unveil the difference between diseased and healthy animals in specific districts i.e., Faisalabad, Toba Tek Singh and Jhang of Punjab, Pakistan. The total number of blood samples collected were 518 which include samples of 158 buffaloes and 360 cattle. The collected samples are then analyzed with the help of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) targeting apocytochrome b-genes (CYTb) followed by hematobiochemical analysis. The analysis of data was done by the Chi-square test. The PCR tests conducted in summer suggests that 53 out of 180 (29.4%) cows and 19 out of 79 (24.05%) buffaloes are prone to babesiosis. On the other hand, in winter results showed that 12.7 (23/180), 13.92 % (11/79) samples positive for Babesia genus through c-PCR. The positive samples were further investigated for hematological and biochemical analysis. The results revealed that, the mean value of hematological parameters like RBCs, Hb, PCV, MCV and MCHC was significantly (P< 0.05) decreased in infected animals (cows and buffaloes) as compared to the non-infected ones. While the biochemical parameters like ALT, AST, Cholesterol and LDH were significantly (P< 0.05) increased in infected animals as compared to healthy animals. These findings are the novel molecular and hematobiochemical evidence of B. bovis in dairy herds of Punjab province, Pakistan.

Molecular detection of Babesia bovis along with haemato-biochemical alterations in large ruminants associated with babesiosis in central Punjab, Pakistan

Identification of Tick Species on Angora Rabbits in Sothern's Areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

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