Despite advances in the field of male reproductive health, idiopathic male infertility, in which a man has altered semen characteristics without an identifiable cause and there is no female factor infertility, remains a challenging condition to diagnose and manage. Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress (OS) plays an independent role in the etiology of male infertility, with 30% to 80% of infertile men having elevated seminal reactive oxygen species levels. OS can negatively affect fertility via a number of pathways, including interference with capacitation and possible damage to sperm membrane and DNA, which may impair the sperm's potential to fertilize an egg and develop into a healthy embryo. Adequate evaluation of male reproductive potential should therefore include an assessment of sperm OS. We propose the term Male Oxidative Stress Infertility, or MOSI, as a novel descriptor for infertile men with abnormal semen characteristics and OS, including many patients who were previously classified as having idiopathic male infertility. Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) can be a useful clinical biomarker for the classification of MOSI, as it takes into account the levels of both oxidants and reductants (antioxidants). Current treatment protocols for OS, including the use of antioxidants, are not evidence-based and have the potential for complications and increased healthcare-related expenditures. Utilizing an easy, reproducible, and cost-effective test to measure ORP may provide a more targeted, reliable approach for administering antioxidant therapy while minimizing the risk of antioxidant overdose. With the increasing awareness and understanding of MOSI as a distinct male infertility diagnosis, future research endeavors can facilitate the development of evidence-based treatments that target its underlying cause.

/pdf/male-oxidative-stress-infertility-mosi-proposed-terminology-qk4qtg1j0q.pdf

Male Oxidative Stress Infertility (MOSI): Proposed Terminology and Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Idiopathic Male Infertility

Climate change is affecting biodiversity, but proximate drivers remain poorly understood. Here, we examine how experimental heatwaves impact on reproduction in an insect system. Male sensitivity to heat is recognised in endotherms, but ectotherms have received limited attention, despite comprising most of biodiversity and being more influenced by temperature variation. Using a flour beetle model system, we find that heatwave conditions (5 to 7 °C above optimum for 5 days) damaged male, but not female, reproduction. Heatwaves reduce male fertility and sperm competitiveness, and successive heatwaves almost sterilise males. Heatwaves reduce sperm production, viability, and migration through the female. Inseminated sperm in female storage are also damaged by heatwaves. Finally, we discover transgenerational impacts, with reduced reproductive potential and lifespan of offspring when fathered by males, or sperm, that had experienced heatwaves. This male reproductive damage under heatwave conditions provides one potential driver behind biodiversity declines and contractions through global warming.

/pdf/experimental-heatwaves-compromise-sperm-function-and-cause-3nj3lsr5e7.pdf

Experimental heatwaves compromise sperm function and cause transgenerational damage in a model insect.

Background Between 30% and 80% of patients with male infertility produce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in their ejaculate even though the cause of male infertility is unexplained in approximately half of cases. The strong connection between oxidative stress (OS) and male infertility has led recent investigators to propose the term "Male Oxidative Stress Infertility (MOSI)" to describe OS-associated male infertility. Methods We searched the PubMed database for original and review articles to survey the effects of OS on male infertility, and then verified the effects and treatments. Main findings Seminal plasma contains many antioxidants that protect sperm from ROS, because low amounts of ROS are required in the physiological fertilization process. The production of excessive ROS causes OS which can lower fertility through lipid peroxidation, sperm DNA damage, and apoptosis. Several assays are available for evaluating OS, including the MiOXSYS® analyzer to measure oxidation-reduction potential. Several measures should be considered for minimizing OS and improving clinical outcomes. Conclusion Accurately diagnosing patients with MOSI and identifying highly sensitive biomarkers through proteomics technology is vital for better clinical outcomes.

Oxidative stress and male infertility.

Many cases of male factor infertility are idiopathic, but 30–40% of cases may have excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in their semen. The origins of endogenous ROS are leukocytes and immature spermatozoa, and external causes are various. On the contrary, seminal plasma contains various antioxidants. Low levels of ROS are essential for the fertilization process, but excessive levels of ROS lead to oxidative stress and can have harmful effects such as lipid peroxidation of a membrane, sperm deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation, and apoptosis on the fertile capacity. In order to evaluate oxidative stress appropriately, ROS is measured by the chemiluminescence method with neat semen and quantification of 8-OH-2′-deoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde in seminal plasma. Antioxidant potential is often measured using total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay. The oxidation-reduction potential measured by a MiOXSYS analyzer is a novel, easier, quicker, and less expensive technology to measure oxidative stress. In order to minimize oxidative stress and improve clinical outcomes, sperm-sorting methods, lifestyle modifications, shortening the ejaculatory abstinence, and treatments such as oral antioxidants, varicocelectomy, and testicular sperm extraction are taken into account. As a future prospect, proteomics, metabolomics, and genomics are still developing areas that have the potential to discover new findings and highly sensitive biomarkers.

/pdf/reactive-oxygen-species-and-sperm-cells-44ooloyah2.pdf

Reactive Oxygen Species and Sperm Cells

It is estimated that infertility affects 8-12% of couples globally, with a male factor being a primary or contributing cause in approximately 50% of couples. Causes of male subfertility vary highly, but can be related to congenital, acquired, or idiopathic factors that impair spermatogenesis. Many health conditions can affect male fertility, which underscores the need for a thorough evaluation of patients to identify treatable or reversible lifestyle factors or medical conditions. Although semen analysis remains the cornerstone for evaluating male infertility, advanced diagnostic tests to investigate sperm quality and function have been developed to improve diagnosis and management. The use of assisted reproductive techniques has also substantially improved the ability of couples with infertility to have biological children. This Seminar aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the assessment and management of men with infertility, along with current controversies and future endeavours.

Male infertility

Oxidative stress has been established as one of the main causes of male infertility and has been implicated in many diseases associated with infertile men. It results from high concentrations of free radicals and suppressed antioxidant potential, which may alter protein expression in seminal plasma and/or spermatozoa. In recent years, proteomic analyses have been performed to characterize the protein profiles of seminal ejaculate from men with different clinical conditions, such as high oxidative stress. The aim of the present review is to summarize current findings on proteomic studies performed in men with high oxidative stress compared with those with physiological concentrations of free radicals, to better understand the aetiology of oxidative stress-induced male infertility. Each of these studies has suggested candidate biomarkers of oxidative stress, among them are DJ-1, PIP, lactotransferrin and peroxiredoxin. Changes in protein concentrations in seminal plasma samples with oxidative stress conditions were related to stress responses and to regulatory pathways, while alterations in sperm proteins were mostly associated to metabolic responses (carbohydrate metabolism) and stress responses. Future studies should include assessment of post-translational modifications in the spermatozoa as well as in seminal plasma proteomes of men diagnosed with idiopathic infertility. Oxidative stress, which occurs due to a state of imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants, has been implicated in most cases of male infertility. Cells that are in a state of oxidative stress are more likely to have altered protein expression. The aim of this review is to better understand the causes of oxidative stress-induced male infertility. To achieve this, we assessed proteomic studies performed on the seminal plasma and spermatozoa of men with high levels of oxidative stress due to various clinical conditions and compared them with men who had physiological concentrations of free radicals. A variety of sperm and seminal plasma proteins were found to be expressed either in abundance (over-expressed) or in a lesser amount (underexpressed), while other proteins were found to be unique either to men with oxidative stress or to men with a balanced ratio of antioxidants/free radicals. Each study included in this review suggested several proteins that could possibly act as biomarkers of oxidative stress-induced male infertility, such as protein DJ-1, PIP, lactotransferrin and peroxiredoxin. Pathway analysis performed in these studies revealed that the changes in seminal plasma proteins in men with oxidative stress could be attributed to stress responses and regulatory pathways, while changes in sperm proteins were linked to stress responses and metabolic responses. Subsequent studies could look into post-translational modifications in the protein profile of men with idiopathic infertility. We hope that the information in this review will contribute to a better understanding of the main causes of idiopathic male infertility.

https://www.rbmojournal.com/article/S1472-6483(14)00130-8/pdf

Proteomics, oxidative stress and male infertility

Infertility is generally used to reference the reproductive state of a couple who are sexually active without the use of contraceptives and yet are unable to achieve spontaneous natural pregnancy after a year of attempt. One of the biggest issues pertaining to infertility remains that of the idiopathic component of infertility and the extent to which lifestyle factors, such as exercise, affect this phenomenon. Oxidative stress (OS) itself is defined as an imbalance of reactive oxygen species production and the detoxification of these molecules by antioxidative processes in the body. OS accounts for approximately 30–80 % of idiopathic infertility cases.

Oxidative Stress and Infertility: A Possible Link to Exercise

SESSION TITLE: Lessons Learned from Critical Care Cases SESSION TYPE: Rapid Fire Case Reports PRESENTED ON: 10/18/2022 12:25 pm - 01:25 pm INTRODUCTION: Local compression of the anterior chest wall (CACC) or abdomen has been shown to unexpectedly improve respiratory system compliance in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The mechanism is thought to be similar to prone positioning, causing a redistribution of transpulmonary pressures. Limited data exists regarding this topic, particularly as it applies to COVID-19. We describe two cases of improved compliance and oxygenation with CACC in individuals with COVID-19 related ARDS, including one with prior lung transplantation. CASE PRESENTATION: Case 1: The patient was an unvaccinated 79 year-old man diagnosed with COVID-19 on admission. One week later, he progressed to requiring CPAP therapy. He was intubated the following week. Prone ventilation was initially attempted, but this was discontinued due to hemodynamic instability. Despite neuromuscular blockade and lung-protective ventilation, the patient's respiratory mechanics continued to worsen. CACC was then initiated using a 10 lb sandbag on the upper thorax, resulting in improved compliance (8 to 11.4 mL/cmH2O) and driving pressure (30 to 21 cmH2O). While CACC allowed room to adjust PEEP, there was no significant change in oxygenation or paCO2. Case 2: The patient was a fully vaccinated 46 year-old man with a history of bilateral lung transplant for cystic fibrosis, who tested positive for COVID-19 and was treated with sotrovimab as an outpatient. Despite early treatment, the patient had worsening hypoxia necessitating admission, treatment with bilevel PAP therapy, and subsequent intubation. Prone ventilation was initiated, but discontinued after 1 day due to worsening hemodynamics and poor improvement. CACC was then employed using two 5 lb sandbags with an improvement in compliance (16.7 to 21.1 mL/cmH2O). There was also a significant improvement in oxygenation (P/F ratio 115 from 86) and a decrease in paCO2. Following this favorable response, prone positioning was resumed, demonstrating similar improvement in respiratory mechanics. DISCUSSION: These cases demonstrate improved respiratory mechanics with CACC, which may be due to a reduction in end-inspiratory over-distention. In the first case, CACC allowed for an increase in PEEP when prone ventilation was not tolerated. In the second case, it was a tool that directed clinicians to resume prone positioning, with favorable improvement in oxygenation. The decrease in paCO2 may signify improved V/Q matching and dead space ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: This case series illustrates CACC as a potential therapeutic and diagnostic tool for clinicians to make lung-protective ventilator adjustments in responders. Trials of CACC may improve compliance and oxygenation in these patients, and may indicate those who would benefit from further prone positioning. Additional investigation is needed to clarify the clinical role of CACC for the management of COVID-19 related ARDS. Reference #1: Marini JJ, Gattinoni L. Improving lung compliance by external compression of the chest wall. Crit Care. 2021;25(1):264. Published 2021 Jul 28. doi:10.1186/s13054-021-03700-8 DISCLOSURES: Speaker/Speaker's Bureau relationship with boehringer ingelheim Please note: $5001 - $20000 by Brad Bemiss, value=Travel and payment for lecture No relevant relationships by Anila Khan No relevant relationships by Rishi Mehta No relevant relationships by Jason Peng

Improving compliance with continuous anterior chest compression in ards caused by covid-19: a case series

Patient with attr and arrhythmogenic rv dysplasia mutation

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Jason Peng

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Proteomics, oxidative stress and male infertility

Oxidative Stress and Infertility: A Possible Link to Exercise

Improving compliance with continuous anterior chest compression in ards caused by covid-19: a case series

Patient with attr and arrhythmogenic rv dysplasia mutation