Working with interpreters in health care: a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative studies.

Through interpreters' eyes: comparing roles of professional and family interpreters.

Objective: To examine published models of health care interpretation and associated roles, expectations, and outcomes. Methods: A literature search was conducted using the key words interpreter/translator, communication, and role and their combinations in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PSYNDEXPlus. References mentioned in articles identified with these search terms were then checked by hand in corresponding publications and books. We excluded articles if they were dealing with concepts of interpretation, role definitions, etc., without presenting any empirical evidence to support their recommendations. Thirty-four of 1,121 references that investigated the role of professional interpreters in health care were found to meet inclusion criteria. Results: Out of 34 articles, only 2 recommend strict adherence to the conduit model in which interpreters are faithfully and exclusively transmitting information; the interpreter’s role is in 32 studies defined in broader terms as the role of a cultural broker (n = 18)...

The Role of the Health Care Interpreter in a Clinical Setting—A Narrative Review

fatahi n., mattsson b., lundgren s.m. & hellstrom m. (2010) Nurse radiographers’ experiences of communication with patients who do not speak the native language. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(4), 774–783.



Abstract

Title. Nurse radiographers' experiences of communication with patients who do not speak the native language



Aim.  This paper is a report of a study exploring nurse radiographers’ experiences of examining patients who do not speak the native language.



Background.  The increased number of immigrant patients in Western countries poses a challenge to healthcare staff, as mutual understanding is needed in encounters with patients who do not speak the language of the host country. In particular, little is known about the quality of communication in the setting of radiological examinations, i.e. short encounters with demanding technical and caring components.



Methods.  Three focus group interviews with experienced nurse radiographers (n = 11) were carried out in 2007. The interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. A qualitative content analysis method was applied to analyse the interview texts.



Findings.  Four main categories emerged in the analysis: modes, needs, quality and improvements of interpreting. The need for an interpreter is strongly associated with the type of examination. For interventional procedures and contrast-enhanced examinations, a professional interpreter is required to inform the patient and to identify and handle side effects and complications. Friends, relatives, particularly children, and staff as interpreters were not considered ideal as an alternative. Shortage of time and lack of specific knowledge about radiological procedures were identified as problems with professional interpreters. Interpreter training and checklists specific for radiology department routines were suggested, as well as improved nurse radiographers’ education on intercultural communication.



Conclusion.  The need for an interpreter, and the native tongue of the patient, should be clearly stated on the radiology request form, to allow timely scheduling of an interpreter. Intercultural communication in nurse radiographers′ education should be enhanced.

Nurse radiographers' experiences of communication with patients who do not speak the native language.

Regular health visits for parents with young children provide an opportunity for developmental surveillance and anticipatory guidance regarding common childhood problems and help to achieve optimal developmental progress prior to school entry. However, there are few published reports from Australian culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities exploring parents’ experiences for accessing child health surveillance programs. This paper aims to describe and explain parental experiences for accessing developmental surveillance and anticipatory guidance for children. Qualitative data was obtained from 6 focus groups (33 parents) and seven in-depth interviews of CALD parents recruited from an area of relative disadvantage in Sydney. Thematic analysis of data was conducted using an ecological framework. An overarching theme of “awareness-beliefs-choices” was found to explain parents’ experiences of accessing primary health care services for children. “Awareness” situated within the meso-and macro-systems explained parents knowledge of where and what primary health services were available to access for their children. Opportunities for families to obtain this information existed at the time of birth in Australian hospitals, but for newly arrived immigrants with young children, community linkages with family and friends, and general practitioner (GPs) were most important. “Beliefs” situated within the microsystems included parents’ understanding of their children’s development, in particular what they considered to be “normal” or “abnormal”. Parental “choices”, situated within meso-systems and chronosystems, related to their choices of service providers, which were based on the proximity, continuity, purpose of visit, language spoken by the provider and past experience of a service. CALD parents have diverse experiences with primary health care providers which are influenced by their awareness of available services in the context of their duration of stay in Australia. The role of the general practitioner, with language concordance, suggests the importance of diversity within the primary care health workforce in this region. There is a need for ongoing cultural competence training of health professionals and provisions need to be made to support frequent use of interpreters at general practices in Australia.

/pdf/explaining-culturally-and-linguistically-diverse-cald-yp5s2aah5r.pdf

Explaining culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) parents' access of healthcare services for developmental surveillance and anticipatory guidance: qualitative findings from the 'Watch Me Grow' study

Objective. To study interpreters’ experiences of problems in cross-cultural communication with special regard to the general practitioner (GP)–patient encounter. Design. A focus-group interview with authorized interpreters was carried out. A phenomenographic method was used in the analysis.Setting. Primary health care.Results. The interpreters displayed a number of problems mainly related to the difficulty in balancing the triad relation (GP–patient–interpreter), the role of the interpreter in relation to other healthcare staff, the time aspects of the translation procedure, and the problems of diverse health beliefs and cultural inequalities.Conclusion. The interpreters notice a set of difficulties that need to be highlighted in order to improve consultations with cross-cultural GP–patient encounters.

Interpreters' experiences of general practitioner-patient encounters.

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Interpreters' experiences of general practitioner-patient encounters.