This paper is about the nature of contemporary professional identity. It looks at the ways in which ‘discursive dynamics’ come to re-write the professional teacher and nurse as split, plural and conflictual selves, as they seek to come to terms with a political impetus written through what the authors term an ‘economy of performance’ in uncertain conflict with various ‘ecologies of practice’. The teacher and nurse are thus located in a complicated nexus between policy, ideology and practice. Epistemologically, the paper offers a deconstruction of professional identities, and criticizes the reductive typologies and characterizations of current professionalism. Politically, it reaches towards a more nuanced account of professional identities, stressing the local, situated and indeterminable nature of professional practice, and the inescapable dimensions of trust, diversity and creativity.

/pdf/towards-an-uncertain-politics-of-professionalism-teacher-and-4jrbk7wab2.pdf

Towards an uncertain politics of professionalism: teacher and nurse identities in flux

Health disparities exist between citizens of lower socioeconomic status (including minorities and other medically underserved citizens) and those more economically advantaged. Examples where health disparities exist include: shorter life expectancy, higher cancer rates, more birth defects, greater infant mortality, and higher incidence of asthma, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. These health discrepancies involve increased morbidity and mortality rates associated with increased incidences of disease. The ways in which poverty and other factors create these health disparities are still poorly understood. There is increasing evidence that these groups are burdened with a disproportionate share of residential and occupational exposure to hazardous substances such as lead, PCBs, wood dusts, and air pollutants. Thus, both social and physical environmental exposures represent an important area of investigation for understanding and ameliorating the health disparities suffered by the disadvantaged of this nation.

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 魅せられる"生物学の面白さ"

Good medical practice

Current factors contributing to professionalism in nursing

Background. Nursing has been understood as a calling, vocation, profession, and most recently, a practice. Each of these conceptualizations has associated with it an ethics that has emphasized particular aspects of nursing reflecting the social position of nursing in a given historical period. The ethics associated with current understandings of nursing as a profession and a practice are, we believe, no longer adequate to address the social realities and moral challenges of health care work.

Aim.  The aim of this paper is to discuss the limitations of the ethics associated with profession and practice and to show why the concept of work can contribute to a nursing ethics.

Discussion.  The characteristics that have socially defined professionals, among them the possession of a unique body of knowledge, provision of an altruistic service to society, and autonomy in the sense of control over their work and work conditions, only partially reflect the realities of contemporary health care work. This is true even for physicians, an exemplar of a professional group. The ethics associated with the professions has tended to limit what counts as a moral concern and who is authorized to label them as such. More recently, the idea of a practice has been used to argue for an ethics in which professional activities of a certain kind and understood in a specific way are inherently moral. However, this approach is limited for similar reasons. Because morality cannot be separated from the social organization of health care, we argue that considering nursing primarily as work, in contrast to a profession or a practice, offers the possibility of an ethics that more completely reflects the complexity of contemporary health care.

Conclusion.  Beyond the obvious conclusion that nursing is work, conceptualizing nursing as work points to changing social realities that are raising significant ethical issues. As a concept, work inherently conveys value, connects intellectual and manual labour, and recognizes social divisions of labour. At the moment an ethics of work is merely an idea, but we believe that such an ethics would lead nurses to ask different questions and propose different answers to the moral challenges of the present and near future.

Nursing ethics and conceptualizations of nursing: profession, practice and work

It appears that nursing has devoted an extravagant amount of concentration to the subject of professionalism and professionalization. Consequently, it has created and persists to create some proportion of controversy amid nursing authors, particularly in the Western World at the present time. According to Silva, philosophy, knowledge and theory are intrinsically linked. These notions are important to consider independently and to clarify their relationships, if nursing's knowledge base is to be built on a strong foundation. Perhaps then, if nursing wishes to continue on the trail of professionalization, nurses need to return to and reconsider its foundations and accomplishments. The aim of this discussion paper is to explore the nature of the philosophy of science, knowledge and theory and their interrelationships, with particular reference to professionalization by considering where nursing has come from and consequently the way forward to ascertaining professional status.

The nature of philosophy of science, theory and knowledge relating to nursing and professionalism

Perceptions of near virtual autopsies

Aims
This article discusses an approach to ensuring scientific rigour in post-positivist critical realist research using an enhanced model of TAPUPAS: transferability, accessibility, propriety, utility, purposivity, accuracy and specificity, with the additional criterion, modified objectivity (TAPUPASM).
 
Background
Philosophical principles should guide the manner in which research is designed, conducted and appraised. Therefore, the more traditional and commonly employed approaches to positivist (validity and generalisability) or interpretivist (trustworthiness) research do not necessarily complement the philosophical principles of post-positivist critical realism. 

Methods
This is a methodological discussion paper illustrating the strategies for rigorous research using TAPUPASM in a critical realist ethnographic study in nurse education.

Results
This paper presents examples of strategies to ensure TAPUPASM in the planning, design, conduct and dissemination of a realist research study. These include choices about data collection and analysis and also, the role of a dissemination strategy outside of traditional academic methods.

Conclusion
This article proposes an enhanced version of the quality criteria framework TAPUPAS(M) for the design of critical realist research. It provides a practical example of how TAPUPASM was used to ensure rigour in a critical realist ethnographic study in pre-registration nurse education. 

For nurse researchers, this article provides a framework for quality in post-positivist critical realist research. It provides examples of the strategies that can be employed for nurse researchers planning, designing, conducting and disseminating critical realist research.

/pdf/philosophy-and-quality-tapupasm-as-an-approach-to-rigour-in-4btmxrx8fc.pdf

Philosophy and quality? TAPUPASM as an approach to rigour in critical realist research.

There are a number of reasons why facilitating and participating in a mass fatality exercise may be viewed as continuous professional development for those ultimately engaged in the response to a mass fatality incident. These include, amongst other objectives; team integration, organization and preparedness, psychological and emotional effects, developing attitudes and behavioral responses as well as testing infrastructure, equipment, command and control. The objectives of attending an exercise from a player or observers point of view however may be completely different to those planning and running an exercise. This was identified at the exercise Operation Torch. The paper illustrates this and questions whether these two separate purposes can be fully achieved in one exercise. It puts forward proposals to assist exercise planners identify, plan, exercise, evaluate and implement both capability gap or educational exercises by assisting planners to deliver the purpose of the exercise which needs to be decided at the early stage of planning. It makes recommendations for the need for a national mass fatality exercise database to ensure that the correct exercise is delivered and a wider audience can be informed of the exercise outcome.

Did the participants of the mass fatality exercise Operation Torch learn anything

https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/2086/10546/Paper%20-%20Successful%20partnerships.pdf?sequence=1

Successful partnerships with third sector organisations to enhance the healthcare student experience: A partnership evaluation☆

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