Compared with thin-film morphology, 1D perovskite structures such as micro/nanowires with fewer grain boundaries and lower defect density are very suitable for high-performance photodetectors with higher stability. Although the stability of perovskite microwire-based photodetectors has been substantially enhanced in comparison with that of photodetectors based on thin-film morphology, practical applications require further improvements to the stability before implementation. In this study, a template-assisted method is developed to prepare methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3 ) micro/nanowire structures, which are encapsulated in situ by a protective hydrophobic molecular layer. The combination of the protective layer, high crystalline quality, and highly ordered microstructures significantly improve the stability of the MAPbBr3 single-crystal microwire arrays. Consequently, these MAPbBr3 single-crystal microwire-array-based photodetectors exhibit significant long-term stability, maintaining 96% of the initial photocurrent after 1 year without further encapsulation. The lifetime of such photodetectors is hence approximately four times longer than that of the most stable previously reported perovskite micro/nanowire-based photodetector; this is thought to be the most stable perovskite photodetector reported thus far. Furthermore, this work should contribute further toward the realization of perovskite 1D structures with long-term stability.

Perovskite Single-Crystal Microwire-Array Photodetectors with Performance Stability beyond 1 Year.

The performance and stability of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSC), in particular, those with stable metal oxide hole transport layers, are limited by the instability of perovskite/electron transport layer heterojunctions. In this work, we demonstrate a successful strategy for passivating and stabilizing the perovskite/electronic transport layer n-type heterojunction in a nickel oxide based inverted planar PSC by using chemically stable inorganic CdxZn1−xSeyS1−y quantum dots (QDs). Experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that the defects/traps (unsaturated Pb2+ and mobile iodine ions) on perovskite surfaces can be substantially suppressed by the QDs, leading to a significant reduction of interfacial recombination and more stable n-type heterojunction. Consequently, a significant enhancement of the open-circuit voltage from 1.075 V to 1.162 V and power conversion efficiency from 19.47% to 21.63% is achieved for the QD passivated perovskite-based devices. We also demonstrate that the stabilized n-type hetero-junction results in a dramatic improvement of long-term and operational device stability. Our work demonstrates an effective and simple way to stabilize the perovskite/electron transport layer interface to develop high efficiency stable inverted planar PSCs, which will bring these devices closer to future commercial applications.

Stabilizing n-type hetero-junctions for NiOx based inverted planar perovskite solar cells with an efficiency of 21.6%

Electron-withdrawing organic ligand for high-efficiency all-perovskite tandem solar cells

2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites are interesting for a variety of applications owing to their tunable optical properties and their excellent ambient stability. As these materials are processable from solution, they hold the promise of procuring flexible and cost-effective films through large-scale fabrication techniques. However, such solution-based deposition techniques often induce large degrees of heterogeneity due to poorly controlled crystallization. The microscopic properties of films of (PEA)(2)PbI4 cast from precursor solutions of different stoichiometry are therefore investigated. The stoichiometry of the precursor solution is found to have a large impact on the crystallinity, morphology, and optical properties of the resulting thin films. Even for films cast from stoichiometric precursors, differences in photoluminescence intensities occur on a subgranular level. The heterogeneity in these films is found to be thermally activated with an activation energy of 0.4 eV for the emergence of local variations in nonradiative recombination rates. The spatial variation in the distribution of trap states is attributed to local fluctuations in the stoichiometry. In line with this, the surface can successfully be passivated by providing an excess of phenylethylammonium iodide (PEAI) to an as-cast film, enhancing the photoluminescence by as much as 85% without significantly altering the film's morphology.

/pdf/the-impact-of-stoichiometry-on-the-photophysical-properties-1ttusm0c1y.pdf

The Impact of Stoichiometry on the Photophysical Properties of Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskites

Current Development toward Commercialization of Metal-Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics

Hybrid perovskite solar cells have attracted an unprecedented research attention due to their skyrocketing record power conversion efficiency (PCE), which now exceeds 23% in less than a decade from the initial PCE of 3.8%. Besides the excellent optoelectronic properties of the perovskite absorbers, the high efficiencies are also dependent on preparation methods and advanced device engineering. In this study, the role of the device architecture (planar n-i-p vs inverted p-i-n structure) and of the charge-selective interlayer on the photophysical properties of the perovskite absorber and device performance are explored. FA(0.85)MA(0.15)PbBr(0.45)I(2.55) (MA = methylammonium, FA = formamidinium) as the perovskite absorber and chloride-capped TiO2 colloidal nanocrystals (TiO2-Cl) and poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as close-to-the-substrate layers in the conventional and inverted structures are employed, respectively. Extremely different device performances are demonstrated by the two structures. The device where the active layer is deposited on TiO2-Cl displays a champion PCE of 19.9%, while the one using PEDOT:PSS gives about 15.1% efficiency. The photophysical and electrical investigations indicate that the TiO2-Cl/perovskite interface has lower number of traps, underlining the importance of interfaces for achieving highly performing perovskite solar cells.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/admi.201801667

Effect of the Device Architecture on the Performance of FA(0.85)MA(0.15)PbBr(0.45)I(2.55) Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

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Effect of the Device Architecture on the Performance of FA(0.85)MA(0.15)PbBr(0.45)I(2.55) Planar Perovskite Solar Cells