Anion recognition chemistry has grown from its beginnings in the late 1960s with positively charged ammonium cryptand receptors for halide binding to, at the end of the millennium, a plethora of charged and neutral, cyclic and acyclic, inorganic and organic supramolecular host systems for the selective complexation, detection, and separation of anionic guest species. Solvation effects and pH values have been shown to play crucial roles in the overall anion recognition process. More recent developments include exciting advances in anion-templated syntheses and directed self-assembly, ion-pair recognition, and the function of anions in supramolecular catalysis.

Anion Recognition and Sensing: The State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Anion Recognition and Sensing: The State of the Art and Future Perspectives.

Several researchers conducted studies to demonstrate metal catalyzed alkene and alkyne hydrocylation. A team of researchers developed a method for the synthesis of cyclooctenones using the intramolecular hydrogenation. Eight-membered ring formation was achieved by the incorporation of a cyclopropane ring in the substrate to demonstrate metal catalyzed alkene and alkyne hydrocylation. The key step of the method involved the fragmentation and isomerization of rhodacycle 25 into ring-expanded rhodacycle 26. The researchers investigated the reactions of the two isomers of a deuterium-labeled substrate to explore the mechanism in operation. Another team of researchers prepared a series of medium-ring sulfur heterocycles using intramolecular hydroacylation to demonstrate the investigations.

Transition Metal Catalyzed Alkene and Alkyne Hydroacylation

Anion coordination and anion-directed assembly: highlights from 1997 and 1998

Transition-metal-catalyzed hydroformylation reactions constitute one of the most powerful tools for CC bond formation in organic synthesis and represent an outstanding example of the application of homogeneous catalysis on an industrial scale. This process allows for the straightforward conversion of inexpensive chemical feedstock into broadly applicable aldehydes, which serve as major building blocks for numerous chemical products. These products are highly valuable for the chemical industry and used as plasticizers, detergents, and surfactants on a million ton scale. Moreover, aldehydes serve as versatile chemical intermediates for the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Currently, most of the bulk hydroformylation processes rely on rhodium-based catalysts. The increasing demand and resulting high cost of this precious metal has resulted in alternative transition-metal catalysts becoming highly desirable. The following Review summarizes the progress achieved utilizing Ru, Ir, Pd, Pt, and Fe catalysts in hydroformylation reactions.

http://www.chtf.stuba.sk/~szolcsanyi/education/files/Organicka%20chemia%20II/Prednaska%203_Aldehydy%20a%20ketony_Vlastnosti%20a%20priprava/Doplnkove%20studijne%20materialy/Hydroformylation/Alternative%20Metals%20for%20Homogeneous%20Catalyzed%20Hydroformylation%20Reactions.pdf

Alternative metals for homogeneous catalyzed hydroformylation reactions.

A significant effect of anion binding ureas on the product ratio in het palladium(ii)-catalyzed hydrocarbonylation of alkenes

A Significant Effect of Anion Binding Ureas on the Product Ratio in the Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Hydrocarbonylation of Alkenes.

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A significant effect of anion binding ureas on the product ratio in het palladium(ii)-catalyzed hydrocarbonylation of alkenes

A Significant Effect of Anion Binding Ureas on the Product Ratio in the Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Hydrocarbonylation of Alkenes.