https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(15)01345-8.pdf

Comorbidity of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background. High numbers of individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) have been described as having mental health problems.Aims. This article summarizes research about mental health problems in FASD and considers related developmental and environmental issues.Method. A computer-based literature search was conducted in the databases Medline, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, Academic Search Complete, and Education Resources Information Centre for articles addressing the prevalence and types of mental health issues in individuals affected by FASD.Results. High rates of mental disorders within the FASD and prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) population were found to be consistently reported for both internalizing and externalizing disorders. Moreover, problems that emerge in childhood may reflect a convergence of genetic, environmental, and neurophysiological factors that persist into adulthood.Conclusions. Researchers are beginning to document the impacts of PAE on later mental health development. Furthe...

Mental health issues in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

The umbrella term Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder embraces several mental and behavioral manifestations of prenatal alcohol exposure as its etiology. There is sufficient reason to involve a classification system like the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in spite of technical and procedural difficulties. The significance of this inclusion would not only make the advantages of classification visible for clinical and research utility, it could shape the future of the DSM in adopting an etiology based classification system.

Accommodating the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (dsm v)

The range of structural abnormalities and functional deficits caused by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) are referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). The disabilities associated with FASDs are said to be lifelong, but we know relatively little regarding outcomes beyond childhood and adolescence. Many of physical, brain, and neurobehavioral features that are present in children with FASDs will endure to adulthood. However, some features may diminish or change over time. Furthermore, secondary disabilities, such as school drop outs, trouble with the law, and substance/alcohol abuse problems are common in young adults with FASDs. The health consequences associated with PAE in the human adult are unknown, but animal models suggest that they may be more susceptible to chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, immune dysfunction, and cancer. More research is needed to understand the lasting effects of PAE on adults and the developmental trajectories of FASDs.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs40474-015-0053-7.pdf

What Happens When Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Become Adults

Diagnosing fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: History, challenges and future directions.

Background Adults with foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) require support to be part of the community; however, most have few supports other than family and friends. The purpose of this study was to assess caregiver perceptions of community integration of adults with FASD living in British Columbia.



Method  The Assimilation, Integration, Marginalization and Segregation (AIMS) Interview and Functional Assessment were used to assess community integration and the level of support needed respectively.



Results  Scores on the AIMS indicated that most of the adults with FASD were integrated (i.e. disability related needs were identified and supported) in the following domains: medical, dental and housing; however, a large percentage were marginalized in other domains. Living with a caregiver had the greatest positive impact on integration while a history of incarceration or confinement had a negative impact.



Conclusion  Although most of the adults with FASD had achieved community integration in some areas; this was, to some extent, because of the support of family and friends.

Caregiver Perceptions of the Community Integration of Adults with Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in British Columbia

Background Adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) face serious challenges because of physical, cognitive and behavioural deficits. The interaction of behavioural and mental health problems with adverse environments leads to further problems, such as trouble with the law, called “secondary disabilities”. Although FASD affects about 1% of the population in the United States, very little research has been done to describe adults with FASD in Canada and what factors may affect the rate of secondary disabilities. Objective To determine the prevalence of secondary disabilities among adults with FASD living in the lower mainland, Okanogan Valley and West Kootenay regions of British Columbia and what factors may affect the rates of secondary disabilities. Methods 62 adults with FASD (clients), selected as a convenience sample, identified a caregiver who completed a structured interview and self-administered survey. The magnitude of association was calculated with odds ratios. Results The clients were found to have high rates of secondary disabilities. Four variables were associated with lower rates of secondary disability: age under 20 years, living with a caregiver, requiring a minimal to low level of support, and not being vulnerable to manipulation. Conclusions The prevalence of secondary disabilities among adults with FASD living in the lower mainland, Okanogan Valley and West Kootenay regions of British Columbia are at least as high as the prevalence found in the Seattle Longitudinal Study on Alcohol and Pregnancy. The prevalence of secondary disabilities may be affected by age, living with a caregiver, adaptive functioning and vulnerability to manipulation.

Secondary disabilities among adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in british columbia

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Caregiver Perceptions of the Community Integration of Adults with Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in British Columbia

Secondary disabilities among adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in british columbia