Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

Since 1997, the UK has developed policies to address the issue of work/family balance in the form of childcare services, leaves for childcare, and the right to request flexible working patterns. We examine the policy aims and nature of these different approaches and assess how far they promote gender equality, which we define in terms of the possibility of making a "real" or "genuine" choice for men and women to "work and care."

UK Work/Family Balance Policies and Gender Equality, 1997–2005

The fourth age remains a poorly understood phenomenon and there is a lack of understanding of the perceptions of those who might be considered to be living in it. This article draws on findings from a study of dignity in later life which examined the day-to-day experiences of participants who were in need of support and care because of failing health. It discusses their accounts of the changes to their sense of self and their identity that came about as a result of their ageing and health problems and looks also at the ways in which the support and care they received helped to shape their adjustment to those changes. The accounts given by participants reveal a great deal about the physical, mental and emotional effort entailed in maintaining a sense of self and highlight the essential role played by social relationships in the maintenance of identity. These findings are analysed by reference to emerging theories of the fourth age.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0144686X12000761

Identity in the fourth age: perseverance,adaptation and maintaining dignity

Using data from a longitudinal study of working-class participants on a youth enterprise start-up programme in the United Kingdom, we examine whether programmes aimed at disadvantaged groups enable parents to combine business trading with childcare responsibilities. Business planning and programme selection practices ignored childcare, rendering it a solely private matter, invisible to public scrutiny. Yet this childcare barrier became both a cause and a consequence of business failure. Participants' experiences of combining trading and childcare varied by gender. All mothers and one father had complex strategies for synchronising trading and childcare responsibilities. However, these strategies soon collapsed, contributing to business closure. Most fathers relied on the childrens' mother to organise and conduct continuous care, but this was dependent on fathers becoming breadwinners through profitable trading which was not achieved. There is growing policy recognition of the importance of the childcare barrier to paid work for lower income families and for self-employed women in the United Kingdom. However, despite recent initiatives, severe constraints remain for working-class parents to start and manage a business. Several implications for policy are discussed.

/pdf/do-enterprise-support-programmes-leave-women-holding-the-16pfi3tpzg.pdf

Do Enterprise Support Programmes Leave Women Holding the Baby

Aims To highlight older people's experiences and expectations of services and the consequences for service provision, service development and research.

Rationale  A large amount of resources have been invested in providing services for frail older people who experienced multiple hospital admissions. However, their own views are under-reported.

Method  Semi-structured interviews with frail older people were conducted in four Scottish Health Board areas to explore the context of emergency admissions and the use of extramural services.

Outcomes  Frail older people are high users of services but claim that services are not responsive to their main concerns: meeting individual needs, maximizing independence and helping to live fulfilled lives. Services not catering for these needs are often cancelled or left in abeyance.

Conclusion  The same people who are targeted by care services are reluctant to engage with them. Care providers need to adopt older people's priorities to provide them with responsive patient-centred care.

Frail older people's experiences and use of health and social care services

This paper argues that research, analysis and policy innovations focused on how households combine paid work with care responsibilities are driven to too great a degree by preconceptions of "the problem" that do not take sufficient account of how families themselves understand their work and care roles and the choices they are making. The evidence of 246 SOCCARE interviews across five European countries (Finland, France, Italy, Portugal and the UK) is that the variables that are conventionally accepted as having fundamental significance (family-friendly policies and generous care services, flexible working hours, women's work–life preferences, family type, national labour markets, cultural differences) are less important than is often suggested. More important are time pressures and the idiosyncratic factors that constrain the work and care timetables that families are able to construct. We characterize these as "scheduling problems". They occupied a large part of the accounts of their lives provided by our respondents and are a primary dimension within which their combinations of paid work and care responsibilities need to be understood. The difficulties our respondents faced in coordinating the work and care activities of their families bear a striking similarity to the problems described in the operations research literature on small businesses. Within the context of these scheduling problems a second important factor emerged: the preferences and behaviour of men who played a critical, though often passive, part in the construction of work and care timetables of the families. We characterize this effect as the "the male veto".

Managing the Family: Productivity, Scheduling and the Male Veto

This article argues that the material and social circumstances of older people living with disabilities mean that their priorities and subjective evaluations of quality of life are likely to be categorically different from those used by service provider organisations Based on a qualitative study of a purposive sample of older people, who are over 75 and have recently become housebound as a result of disability, the paper describes two modes of understanding: ‘Self‐talk’ and ‘Needs‐talk’ It is suggested that these two modes are to an extent irreconcilable and limit the degree to which care assessments and care‐management can satisfy users

/pdf/self-talk-versus-needs-talk-an-exploration-of-the-priorities-5edg3kn0sl.pdf

Self‐talk versus needs‐talk: An exploration of the priorities of housebound older people

Identity, meaning and social support.

John Baldock and Jan Hadlow look at the links between the need for care, the use of services and the ways in which older people maintain and develop their self-esteem.

How older people adapt to becoming housebound

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Managing the Family: Productivity, Scheduling and the Male Veto

Self‐talk versus needs‐talk: An exploration of the priorities of housebound older people

Identity, meaning and social support.

How older people adapt to becoming housebound