A new approach of deep neural computing for spatial prediction of wildfire danger at tropical climate areas

In 2016, extreme drought and saline intrusion led to widespread damage and livelihood disruption for many people in the coastal region of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Through an integrated multi-st...

An understanding of water governance systems in responding to extreme droughts in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta

Drought is a natural hazard that stresses ecosystems, agricultural production, food security, and local economies. Given ongoing hydropower dam development in the Sesan and Srepok Basins, the two most dammed tributaries in the Lower Mekong Basin, characterizing baseline drought events and understanding how dams modify downstream flow is needed to manage water resources and mitigate drought effects. We used the Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to estimate streamflow data from 2001 to 2019. For both rivers, we found that runoff varied, but contributed about 75% of streamflow, followed by shallow and deep groundwater, which contributed up to 25%. We used the Standardized Runoff Index to characterize drought and detected frequent, severe, and prolonged drought events in the two basins. Severe and prolonged droughts in the 2009–2011 and 2015–2016 periods corresponded to the occurrence of Typhoon Ketsana and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Streamflow alteration can be caused by climatic conditions and anthropogenic activities such as hydropower dam development and operations (e.g., the timing and magnitude of water releases). Results from this study can be used as a baseline to gauge potential future droughts and design appropriate drought management plans to preserve ecosystems and food security in the Lower Mekong Basin and its tributaries.

/pdf/prolonged-and-severe-drought-in-the-most-dammed-tributaries-2z7dzhpb.pdf

Prolonged and Severe Drought in the Most Dammed Tributaries of the Lower Mekong Basin

Impacts of droughts and floods on croplands and crop production in Southeast Asia - An application of Google Earth Engine.

Cambodia is located in one of the most severe flood-vulnerable zones in mainland Southeast Asia. Flooding is the country’s most recurrent and impactful hazard among other natural hazards. This hazard alone, observed in many river basins, has been inflicting huge damages on livelihoods, social infrastructure, and the country’s economy. This study aims to review the current status of flood hazards, impacts, driving factors, management capacity, and future research directions on floods in Cambodia. The findings of this study suggested that there is still a lack of flood-related studies on flood hazard mapping, risk and damage assessment, and future flood analysis in Cambodia. The existing related studies mainly focused on the Tonle Sap Basin and its tributaries, the Lower Mekong Basin, the whole Mekong River Basin, and some of the tributaries of the Mekong River in Cambodia. The fundamental driving factors of the current flooding in Cambodia are impacts of climate change, land-use change, water infrastructure development, and weather extremes. The applications of mathematical and statistical tests and indices, conceptual and physically-based modeling, artificial intelligence and machine learning, and remote sensing are recommended to focus on future research directions on flood in Cambodia in the areas of land-use change, existing and planned operation of water infrastructure, flood hazard and damage assessment, and flood forecasting. The outcomes from these studies and applications would improve the understanding of flood hazard characteristics, reinforce flood management, and achieve flood damage reduction.

/pdf/flood-hazard-and-management-in-cambodia-a-review-of-17q3ycrb.pdf

Flood Hazard and Management in Cambodia: A Review of Activities, Knowledge Gaps, and Research Direction

This report’s purpose is to help Lao policy makers and stakeholders prepare for future El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. It does this by providing information on ENSO’s poverty, economic, and agricultural impacts in Lao PDR and outlining ways forward. The report finds that ENSO’s impacts vary from region to region and harm Lao PDR’s people, economy, and agricultural sector. The country has sought to prepare for climate risks through climate change adaptation and disaster risk management but could do more to prepare specifically for ENSO events. Preparing for ENSO is important because of Lao PDR’s exposure to ENSO-related climate shocks, the importance of agriculture in the national economy, the rural population’s climate and economic vulnerability, and the lack of research on ENSO in Lao PDR.This report is timely given the lack of research on ENSO in Lao PDR and the high likelihood the country will face another El Nino in the near term. It is difficult to disentangle ENSO’s impacts from those of other climate shocks, natural disasters,and economic cycles. This makes it more difficult to design policies and response mechanisms that help mitigate ENSO-related welfare losses and economic damages.This report evaluates El Nino and La Nina’s impacts on Lao PDR’s agricultural sector particularly crops, livestock, and fisheries—and how these have implications for the economy and society. It then looks at the actions undertaken by the Lao government to mitigate the losses associated with climate risks. This includes actions to prepare and respond to climate change and natural disasters. Next, the report simulates how well certain policy options mitigate ENSO-related GDP and welfare losses. It concludes by recommending actions to enhance Lao PDR’s preparedness for future ENSO events.

Striking a Balance : Managing El Niño and La Niña in Lao PDR’s Agriculture

In recent years there has been an increased interest in investigating how technology can be used to aid the millions of people living in low-income countries [2]. Mobile phones are emerging as powerful, affordable and pervasive computing devices that can serve the needs of widely deployed applications in resource-constrained environments. Previous work has emphasized the importance of working closely with local partners and maintaining fidelity with existing paperbased processes [3, 4]. While we agree with these principles, computing technologies can provide fundamentally new capabilities that argue for changing processes to benefit from these advantages. We base this reasoning on experience in designing, developing and evaluating a mobile system to aid health workers in Tanzania in classifying and treating child illnesses. The question we face is how to introduce these new processes and improve outcomes while taking into account the effects they may have on the workforce.

Striking a Balance

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Striking a Balance : Managing El Niño and La Niña in Lao PDR’s Agriculture

Striking a Balance