TISSUE PERMEABILITY AND THE SPREADING FACTORS IN INFECTION : A Contribution to the Host:Parasite Problem.

Nature of collagen diseases.

The Newer Knowledge of Bacteriology and Immunology

Male mice have been noted to be more susceptible to encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus than female animals. Castration of male mice abolished this difference and resulted in enhanced resistance similar to that of female mice. This increase in resistance in castrated males could be eliminated by adrenalectomy. Adrenalectomy alone increased susceptibility in male mice but not in female mice. The administration of a long-acting preparation of testosterone markedly increased susceptibility both in castrated male and female mice, as well as in intact females. Testosterone also had a similar effect in immature mice of both sexes. On the other hand, estradiol, but not progesterone, increased susceptibility to EMC virus in castrated mice of both sexes. These data indicate that testicular, ovarian, and adrenal hormones may influence resistance to EMC virus in the mouse and may be critical determinants of the clinical outcome of infection with this virus.

https://iai.asm.org/content/iai/5/5/637.full.pdf

Differential susceptibility of male and female mice to encephalomyocarditis virus: effects of castration, adrenalectomy, and the administration of sex hormones.

Synovial fluid mucin1,2

The essential findings of these experiments may be summarized as follows: The estrogenic hormone after being given for 1 week slows up the spread of India ink but allows it to reach and exceed a normal spread after 24 hours. After injections of the estrogenic hormone for 3 weeks the spread of India ink is much less than in the control animals. The resistance of the rabbit to vaccinia is increased if the rabbit has been castrated and then given the estrogenic hormone for a period of 3 weeks before being vaccinated. At the present time nothing can be said about the action of the gonadotropic hormone on India ink, as the experiments did not agree.

https://rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/67/1/159/1181136/159.pdf

Studies on the relationship of the sex hormones to infection : i. the effect of the estrogenic and gonadotropic hormones on vaccinia and the spreading factor.

SummaryA study of the amount of spreading factor present in the undescended testes of young rabbits and of the cryptorchidized testes of mature rats showed that this factor was greatly reduced. From this we concluded that the spreading factor was related to spermatogenesis.

Relation of Spermatogenesis to the Factor in the Testis Which Increases Tissue Permeability

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Studies on the relationship of the sex hormones to infection : i. the effect of the estrogenic and gonadotropic hormones on vaccinia and the spreading factor.

Relation of Spermatogenesis to the Factor in the Testis Which Increases Tissue Permeability