Recent, 21st century developments in the mental health field encourage the practical integration of many diverse forms of spiritual and religious practices. Belief systems such as moral relativism, naturalism, New Age philosophy and postmodernism are deeply imbedded in the culture and find direct implementation into the therapeutic treatment process. Graduating students, however, are not adequately prepared to face the spiritual and religious diversity of the professional field. The Worldview Diagnostic Tree is a pedagogical instrument designed to address the identified problem. It has a two-fold function: equipping students with a tool for assessing their own spiritual orientation and assessing their clients’ spiritual orientation as well. This educational tool for classroom pedagogy on the integration of spirituality and religion in social work curricula meets EPAS requirements for competent social work practice.

/pdf/worldview-diagnostic-tree-educational-instrument-for-4l71vjpeyz.pdf

Worldview Diagnostic Tree - Educational Instrument for Enhanced Pedagogy on Spirituality and Religion

Inflammatory Mediators in Pericardial Fluid in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery.

Interleukin-6: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives in Atrial Fibrillation.

Provided herein are novel myeloperoxidase inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions, use of such compounds in treating inflammatory, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, hepatic, and neurological diseases, cancer, and neutrophilic-driven diseases, and processes for preparing such compounds.

Novel Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors for Treating Multiple Diseases

The high incidence of atrial fibrillation (AFib) following cardiac surgery (postoperative atrial fibrillation, POAF) relies on specific surgical features. However, in the setting of POAF, the role of the microbiome in the modulation of cardiac fibrosis is still not clear. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the microbiome and its main metabolic product (trimethylamine-N-oxide, TMAO) in the fibrosis of myocardial tissue, to investigate its role in POAF. Patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, central atrio-caval cannulation and no history of AFib, were included. A fragment of the right atrium was analyzed for qualitative and mRNA-quantitative evaluation. A preoperative blood sample was analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 100 patients have been included, with POAF occurring in 38%. Histologically, a higher degree of fibrosis, angiogenesis and inflammation has been observed in POAF. Quantitative evaluation showed increased mRNA expression of collagen-1, collagen-3, fibronectin, and transforming growth factor beta (TGFb) in the POAF group. ELISA analysis showed higher levels of TMAO, lipopolysaccharide and TGFb in POAF, with similar levels of sP-selectin and zonulin. TMAO ≥ 61.8 ng/mL (odds ratio, OR 2.88 [1.35–6.16], p = 0.006), preoperative hemoglobin &lt; 13.1 g/dL (OR 2.37 [1.07–5.24], p = 0.033) and impaired right ventricular function (OR 2.38 [1.17–4.83], p = 0.017) were independent predictors of POAF. Also, TMAO was significantly associated with POAF by means of increased fibrosis. Gut microbiome product TMAO is crucial for myocardial fibrosis, which is a key factor for POAF. Patients in preoperative sinus rhythm who will develop POAF have increased genetic expression of pro-fibrotic genes and enhanced fibrosis in histological staining. Elevated TMAO level (≥61.8 ng/mL) is an independent risk factor for POAF. 

Intestinal Microbiota and Derived Metabolites in Myocardial Fibrosis and Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation

The Role of Pericardial Fluid Biomarkers in Predicting Post-Operative Atrial Fibrillation, A Comprehensive Review of Current Literature.

Then, one of the students in the group of the “hardly interested” expressed what most of the class seemed to be thinking at the moment. “Why can’t we get back to real learning?” I pointed out that the question being asked was actually very significant. But, the class seemed to be thinking, “Could you please just tell us the answers!” This problem demonstrates the modern narrowing of the definition of education. Society has defined an “educated” student as someone who has a reservoir of measurable and quantifiable knowledge. We have accepted this definition due to the fear of current low comprehension scores for students in math and science (Rich, 2012). And, this fear foresees the potential for falling behind in major innovations in technology, scientific research, and economic leadership in contrast to our competitors (Hanushek and Peterson, 2011). So, we have, as a society, demanded that education provide instant and measurable results through testing. However, this understanding of education, while understandable and well intentioned, has some serious problems. This definition limits creativity unless there are direct, quantifiable results. And, this definition excludes abstract questions about the nature of human beings, their purpose, and the nature of ethical decision-making. This article intends to expand on the definition of education by arguing three main points. First, this paper will argue that the testing environment of the last three decades has led to the problem of narrowing the curriculum to a model of scientific learning. Second, the paper will contend that this analogy of science is misplaced since current understandings of knowledge promote multiple perspectives in understanding the experience of human individuals and societies. Third, the paper will promote a worldviews teaching method because it promotes a qualitative group of different learning styles that seeks out facts embedded in significance. Finally the paper will provide specific applications for teaching worldviews in the classroom.

/pdf/world-views-creating-significance-of-learning-in-the-39biyy0g75.pdf

World Views: Creating Significance of Learning in the Classroom

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The Role of Pericardial Fluid Biomarkers in Predicting Post-Operative Atrial Fibrillation, A Comprehensive Review of Current Literature.

World Views: Creating Significance of Learning in the Classroom